Understanding Network Protocols and Architectures
Network Protocols and Architectures
Transport Services and Protocols
Transport services and protocols provide communication between application processes running on different hosts.
- Send side: Breaks application messages into segments and passes them to the network layer.
- Receive side: Reassembles segments into messages and passes them to the application layer.
Network and Transport Layers
Network layer: Enables logical communication between hosts.
Transport layer: Facilitates local communication between
Read MoreUnderstanding ISO 4335: HDLC Frame Structure and Control Field Formats
ISO 4335 – HDLC
Reference Standard
ISO 3309 and ISO 4335
HDLC Frame Structure: Fields
| Length | Field |
|---|---|
| 1 or n octets | Address |
| 1 or 2 octets | Control |
| n octets | Optional Information |
| 2 octets | Frame Control Sequence |
HDLC Frame Structure: Address Field
Reference Standard
ISO 3309
The address field identifies a frame as either a command or a response. A command frame contains the address of a station to which the command is being sent. A response frame contains the address of the station sending the frame.
Address Field Basic
Read MoreEssential Juniper EX Series Switch Commands: Configuration and Troubleshooting
General Juniper EX Series Switch Commands
Basic Commands
Show MAC Address Table
show ethernet-switching table brief
Show Directly Connected Switches
show lldp neighbors
Configure VLAN
set vlans Floor_Users vlan-id 90 set vlans Floor_Users l3-interface vlan.90 set interfaces vlan unit 90 family inet address 10.10.10.254/24
Assign VLAN to Port
set interfaces unit 0 family ethernet-switching vlan members
Upgrade Juniper EX Series Switch
(May be needed – set system services ftp, when upgrading 8200 need to upgrade
Read MoreDiscrete Mathematics Cheat Sheet: Key Concepts & Formulas
Discrete Mathematics Cheat Sheet
Propositional Logic
Consistent – Set of statements that are all satisfiable and all true for the same set of propositional variables
Satisfiable – Evaluates to true for at least one set of variables
Tautology – All true
Logically Correct Argument – Every situation that makes all premises true, conclusion also true
Contradiction – All false
Proof
Induction – Basis: show P(1), assume P(x) (inductive hypothesis), Inductive: show P(x+1) using P(x)
Direct – Arbitrary entity x
Read MoreEntity Framework Core Tutorial: Getting Started
1. Install Entity Framework
Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite
Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools –Pre
Tip
In a real application, you would put each class in a separate file and put the connection string in the App.Config file and read it out using ConfigurationManager. For the sake of simplicity, we are putting everything in a single code file for this tutorial.
2. Create Your Model
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Essential C++ Programs: From Compound Interest to Structures
COMPOUND INTEREST
#include
#include
#include
int main()
{
float P,R,T,CI;
cout<“enter principal,=”” rate=”” and=”” time=”” :=””>”enter>
cin>>P>>R>>T;
CI=P*pow((1+R/100),T) – P;
cout<“compound interest=”” is=”” :=””>”compound><>
getch();
return 0;
}
FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER
#include
#include
void main()
{
int number,factorial=1;
cout < “enter=”” number=”” to=”” find=”” its=
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