Understanding Network Protocols and Data Communication Techniques
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
This method was developed to decrease the chances of collisions when two or more stations start sending their signals over the data link layer. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) requires that each station first check the state of the medium before sending.
CSMA is a network protocol used to manage how data packets are transmitted over a shared communication medium, such as an Ethernet network. CSMA is particularly important in environments where multiple devices
Read MoreC++ Programming Examples: Structures, Functions, and Classes
1. Working with Structures
1a. Declaring a Structure
Declare a structure named Organization containing:
- a string named
name - an int named
seats
struct Organization
{
string name;
int seats;
};
1b. Using the Structure
In the main function, create a variable named x of type Organization. Assign “Opera San Jose” to the string and 1000 to the int in x.
int main(void)
{
Organization x;
x.name = "Opera San Jose";
x.seats = 1000;
// Code to process the structure is omitted
return 0;
}
2. Modifying
Read MoreSQL Commands and Database Concepts: A Comprehensive Guide
DBS201 Test 1 Review
SQL Commands
CREATE
Used to create database objects like:
- Collection
- Table
- View
DROP
Used to delete database objects.
ALTER
Used to modify existing database objects.
INSERT
Used to add new data into a table.
- Can be used as
INSERT INTO.
SELECT
Used to retrieve data from a table.
Syntax:
SELECT attribute(s)
FROM table(s)
WHERE condition(s)
ORDER BY attribute(s)
At minimum, you must select the attribute and the table it’s from.
*can be used as a wildcard character to select all columns.- Comparison
C++ Programming Exercises: Structures, Functions, and Classes
1. Working with Structures
1a. Declaring a Structure
Declare a structure named Organization containing:
- a string named
name - an int named
seats
struct Organization
{
string name;
int seats;
};
1b. Using the Structure
In the main function, create a variable named x of type Organization. Assign “Opera San Jose” to the string and 1000 to the int in x.
int main(void)
{
// put your code here
Organization x;
x.name = "Opera San Jose";
x.seats = 1000;
// code to process the structure is omitted
Introduction to Distributed Systems
Characteristics of Distributed Systems (DS)
- Concurrency
- Independent Failures
- Parallelism
- Scalability
- No Global Clock: DS do not need a global clock system to coordinate with the network at different locations because the only way of communication is message passing through the network.
Pros of DS
- Unlimited Horizontal Scaling
- Low Latency
- Fault Tolerance
- Decentralization
- Security
Cons of DS
- Data Integration & Consistency
- Network and Communication Failure
- Management Overhead
Design Goals of DS
- Making Resources
AES vs. DES: A Comprehensive Comparison of Encryption Algorithms
A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is an attempt to make a computer resource unavailable to its intended users. This attack can occur by overwhelming the target system, such as a server, network, or website, with excessive requests or malicious traffic, which exhausts its resources and prevents legitimate users from accessing the service. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a variation where the attack is carried out using multiple compromised devices, often forming a botnet, to flood
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