Understanding Computer Networks: From ISPs to IP Routing
Class 1: Introduction to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Network Technologies
Autonomous Systems (AS) and Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
Each ISP consists of one or more Autonomous Systems (AS). An AS is a group of routers under the control of a single ISP. Each AS is assigned a unique AS Number (ASN) by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). ISPs can connect their networks through Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), which are physical locations where networks can exchange traffic.
Standard
Read MoreIntelligent Agents in Artificial Intelligence: An Overview
Intelligent Agents
An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators.
Examples of Agents:
- Human agent: Eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors; hands, legs, mouth, and other body parts for actuators.
- Robotic agent: Cameras and infrared range finders for sensors; various motors for actuators.
- Software agent: Receives keystrokes, file contents, and network packets as sensory inputs and acts on the environment by displaying
Comprehensive Guide to Network Security Tools and Techniques
1. Perform Basic Network Scanning Using Nmap
2. Perform basic network scanning using the Nmap tool (Zenmap on Windows). Identify services, open ports, active hosts, operating systems, and vulnerabilities.
a. Identifying Services
nmap -T5 scanme.nmap.org
(check for services running)
b. Open Ports
nmap -T5 scanme.nmap.org
(port status, port number, protocol type)
c. Active Hosts
$ ip a
$ nmap -sP 192.168.120.132/24
(4 hosts)
d. Operating Systems
$ sudo nmap -sV -O 192.168.120.1 (from active host) and look for
Read MoreAdvanced Classification Methods: Bayesian Networks, Neural Networks, and SVMs
An Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks
For an introduction to Bayesian belief networks, see Darwiche [Dar10] and Heckerman [Hec96]. For a thorough presentation of probabilistic networks, see Pearl [Pea88] and Koller and Friedman [KF09].
Learning Belief Network Structure
Solutions for learning the belief network structure from training data given observable variables are proposed in Cooper and Herskovits [CH92]; Buntine [Bun94]; and Heckerman, Geiger, and Chickering [HGC95].
Inference and Algorithms
Algorithms
Read MoreRelational Database Design: Concepts, Functional Dependencies, Concurrency Control, and NoSQL
Relational Database Design: Concepts and Best Practices
1. Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Schema Design
Informal design guidelines for relational schema design help ensure that the database is efficient, flexible, and easy to manage. Here are some key guidelines:
- Simplicity: Aim for a schema that is easy to understand and maintain. Avoid excessive complexity in the design, as it can lead to difficulties in query formulation and data management.
- Naming Conventions: Use meaningful and consistent
Operating Systems: Concepts and Architectures
Monoprogramming or Single-tasking
An operating system where only one program runs at a time. A new program cannot start until the current one finishes. This execution type is practically obsolete, replaced by multiprogramming.
Multiprogramming
A technique that allows two or more programs to occupy the same main memory unit and execute concurrently. For example, while executing input/output operations for one program, the CPU can perform non-I/O operations for other programs. Multiprogramming is managed
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