Understanding Network Models and Cloud Computing Essentials

Posted by on Mar 21, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Draw and explain the ISO OSI Model.

  1. Physical Layer: This is the hardware part responsible for transmitting raw bits over a physical medium. Think cables and switches.

  2. Data Link Layer: Ensures error-free data transfer between adjacent network nodes. Includes MAC (Media Access Control) and LLC (Logical Link Control).

  3. Network Layer: Manages data transfer between different networks. Involves routing, switching, and addressing. IP (Internet Protocol) works here.

  4. Transport Layer: Ensures complete data transfer

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Software Types, Operating Systems, and Device Drivers

Posted by on Mar 20, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Software Types and Usage

Software is the set of programs that provide instructions and data to the hardware to perform specific functions. There are different types, depending on the level at which they operate:

  • Firmware: Low-level software embedded in hardware.
  • Operating System: Manages hardware and software resources.
  • Application Programs: Software designed for specific tasks.

Software License Terms

There are several license types that determine users’ rights:

  • Proprietary: The manufacturer retains ownership,
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Understanding Computer Security: Encryption and Key Concepts

Posted by on Mar 19, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Understanding Computer Security

1. Securing Your Computer System

Computer security is the practice of protecting an entire computer system, including users, hardware, software, and files.

2. Understanding Encryption

Encryption is a method used to render a message unintelligible to users who do not possess the key. It ensures a secure means of communication for a specific group.

3. Manual Encryption Techniques

Here are three types of manual encryption:

  • The Scytale (Bat Lycurgus): The sender writes the message
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Understanding Computer I/O: Types, Transfer Methods, and Storage

Posted by on Mar 19, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Understanding Computer I/O

Human-Readable I/O

  • Used for communication with the user
  • Printers
  • Graphical display terminals
  • Screen
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse

Machine-Readable I/O

  • Used for communication with electronic equipment
  • Units of discs and tapes
  • Sensors
  • Drivers
  • Activators

Communication I/O

  • Used to communicate with remote devices
  • Digital line drivers
  • Modem

Data Transfer Rate

  • There may be differences of several orders of magnitude between data transfer rates

Application

  • A disc used to store files requires software support for
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Computer Architecture: Components and Types

Posted by on Mar 19, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

The Architecture of a Computer

Computer architecture encompasses all component parts, their function, and the communication between those parts that allow them to work together in a coordinated manner.

Solution Background: Von Neumann Architecture

In the Von Neumann architecture, the program is stored in memory along with the data. The computer reads data from memory and interprets it as either a program instruction or data. Having a single bus makes the response speed slower, as the system cannot

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Binary Numbers and Floating Point Representation

Posted by on Mar 19, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

1. Binary Number Systems

  • Binary Basics:

    • Each digit (bit) is either 0 or 1.

    • Binary numbers are used to represent all data in computers.

    • Example: 1011 in binary is 11 in decimal.

  • Binary to Decimal Conversion:

    • Each bit represents a power of 2.

    • Example: 1011 = 1×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 1×20 = 11.

  • Decimal to Binary Conversion:

    • Divide by 2 and record remainders.

    • Example: 11 in decimal is 1011 in binary.

2. Encoding Integers

  • Unsigned Integers (B2U):

    • Represents non-negative numbers.

    • Range: 0 to 2w – 1 (where w is the

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