Introduction to Telecommunications and Data Networks
1. Communication
Definition
Communication is the act by which an individual exchanges information with another.
2. Types of Data Networks
Node
A node is any computer connected to a network.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A LAN is a computer network limited to a small geographical area, typically within a single building or floor.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A MAN interconnects multiple LANs across a larger geographical area, such as a city. For example, government buildings in Santiago might be connected by
Read MoreIntroduction to Assembly Language and Computer Architecture
Chapter 1: Introduction
Q&A
Questions
- How do assemblers and linkers work together?
- How will studying assembly language enhance your understanding of operating systems?
- What is meant by a one-to-many relationship when comparing a high-level language to machine language?
- Explain the concept of portability as it applies to programming languages.
- Is the assembly language for x86 processors the same as those for computer systems such as the Vax or Motorola 68×00?
- Give an example of an embedded systems application.
Python String and Math Functions Cheatsheet
String Related Functions
- len(str) — returns the length of ‘str’
- str.format(c) — formats. Use {:.2f} to round to 2 decimals. Always 2, even if the last digit is 0. Uses c as quantity. {:d} for integer types.
- str.upper(), str.lower() — makes uppercase, makes lowercase
- str.capitalize() — makes the first letter of a sentence uppercase
- str.replace(“a”, “b”) — substitutes each case of “a” with “b”
- str[0] — returns the first character of the string
- str.title() — makes all first letters of words uppercase
- str.
Understanding Computer Memory and Processor Management
Memory: There Are Two Types: Internal: Stores data temporarily while programs are running. – Ancillary (also called external memory) that stores information in the long run, even after shutdown. Main Features of Memory:
- Capacity: Represents the global volume of information (in bytes) that can be stored in memory.
- Access Time: Corresponds to the time interval between the application read/write and data availability.
- Cycle Time: Represents the minimum time interval between two successive hits.
- Throughput:
The OSI Model: A Layered Approach to Networking
Internetworking Models
When networks first came into being, computers could typically communicate only with computers from the same manufacturer. For example, companies ran either a complete IBM solution or an DECnet solution, not both together. In the late 1970s, the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model was created by the International Organization for Standardization to break this barrier. The OSI model was meant to help vendors create standard network devices.
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OSI Model: Understanding the Layers of Networking
Internetworking Models
When networks first came into being, computers could typically communicate only with computers from the same manufacturer. For example, companies ran either a complete IBM solution or an DECnet solution, not both together. In the late 1970s, the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model was created by the International Organization for Standardization to break this barrier. The OSI model was meant to help vendors create standard network devices.
The OSI model is the primary architectural
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