Algorithms: Prim’s, Kruskal’s, Dijkstra’s, Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Knapsack
Prim’s Algorithm
C Implementation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define V 5 // Number of vertices
int findMinVertex(int key[], bool mstSet[]) {
int min = INT_MAX, minIndex;
for (int v = 0; v < V; v++)
if (!mstSet[v] && key[v] < min) {
min = key[v];
minIndex = v;
}
return minIndex;
}
void primMST(int graph[V][V]) {
int parent[V], key[V];
bool mstSet[V] = {false};
for (int Human Communication Data Conversion: A Deep Dive
Human Communication Data Conversion
Seven Steps of Data Conversion
- User enters data via hardware interface.
- Software/hardware converts data to digital format.
- Application services initiate data transfer.
- OSI layers encapsulate data (downstack).
- Encapsulated data is conveyed to destination.
- Destination OSI layers decapsulate data (upstack).
- Data is ready for processing.
Application Layer Software
Application layer software has two forms:
- Applications: Interact directly with users, providing an interface between
Stacks and Queues: Data Structures and Implementations
The activation record for the invoked function contains only a pointer to the previous stack frame and a return address. The previous stack frame pointer points to the stack frame of the invoking function, while the return address contains the location of the statement to be executed after the function terminates. Since only one function executes at any given time, the function whose stack frame is on top of the system stack is chosen. If this function invokes another function, the local variables,
Read MoreObject-Oriented Programming: Principles, Advantages & Development
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
A module is a group of components designed for a common purpose. These components may include types, variables, constants, procedures, functions, etc. A module encapsulates its components, allowing interface with other modules while exposing only necessary components (exported), hiding others. This is crucial for managing the complexity of modern software.
Software Complexity: Assembly language programs of past decades were hundreds of lines; today, high-level languages
Read MoreWireless Network Setup, File Sharing, and Computer Security
Setting Up a Wireless Network
The main difference between cable and wireless networks is that wireless networks have a coverage area and require a password. To connect in Windows, manage your Wi-Fi antenna through the network manager or Windows settings:
- Click the network icon in the notification bar (lower-left corner).
- Select the wireless network, click “View Wireless Networks” to see detected networks (padlock indicates security enabled).
- Double-click the desired network and enter the key/password.
Operating Systems Quiz: A Comprehensive Test
Operating Systems Quiz
1. The operating system…
- manages all hardware resources of the computer system.
- manages all resources of the computer system software.
- is the basic software of the computer.
- All of the above.
2. In general, services are used for programs and applications…?
- Start.
- Stop.
- Resume.
- All of the above.
3. In general, services are used in…
- local and remote computers.
- local teams.
- remote computers.
- None of the above.
4. Which of the following statements is correct for the memory manager?
- reserve