Programming Paradigms: Evolution and Key Concepts

Posted by on Dec 6, 2024 in Computers | 0 comments

Evolution of Programming

Sequential Programming

A sequential program executes instructions in order, one after the other, until completion.

Structured Programming

Structured programming aims for clear code using three structures: sequence, selection, and iteration. It avoids unconditional transfers like GOTO statements.

The Structured Program Theorem (Böhm-Jacopini) states that any program can be written using:

  • Sequence
  • Conditional instructions
  • Iteration (loops with beginning conditions)

Object-Oriented

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Network Fundamentals: Wireless, Security, and Protocols

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Label: handle long and short set, identifies a FEC. LER – Label Edge Router LSR – Label Switching Router

Forward Equivalence Class (FEC): representation of a group of packets with the same requirements for transport, has the same treatment en route to the destination. Based on service requirements or a prefix address.

Wireless: computing devices connected in a wireless network. Type: WPAN, WLAN and WWAN.

WPAN: personal networking, and wireless short-range Bluetooth uses radio waves omnidirectional

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Network Interconnection: Technologies and Challenges

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Wide Area Networks

1.1 Network Interconnection

Interconnectivity (Internetworking) is the communication process between two or more networks.

Why is Network Interconnectivity Important?

  • Share Resources
  • Instant Access to shared databases
  • Insensitivity to physical distance and node limitations
  • Centralized management for strategic advantage

What Technical Challenges Exist?

  • Integration of equipment from different manufacturers
  • Varied architectures, platforms, operating systems, protocols, and media
  • Limitations
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Essential MS-DOS Batch Commands and Shutdown Parameters

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Batch Commands


  • Want to play a joke on your friend using the PC?
  • Want to learn more about batch scripting?
  • Want to change codes, delete files, close applications, or create a “supposed” virus?
  • Feeling a bit clueless?

Then take a look at these few, but useful, MS-DOS commands.

Getting Started…



Basic Commands

  • DEL: Delete files. Example: del c:\address\file.exe deletes the file.
  • RD: Delete root directory. Example: rd c:\directory deletes that directory.
  • START: Start something. Example: start www.pagina.
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VBA UserForm: Data Entry and Validation

Posted by on Dec 6, 2024 in Computers | 0 comments

VBA UserForm: Data Entry and Validation

Form Activation

In the UserForm’s Activate event, comboboxes are populated:

Private Sub UserForm_Activate()  'Filling the Civil Status ComboBox1  ComboBox1.AddItem "Married"  ComboBox1.AddItem "Separated"  ComboBox1.AddItem "Divorced"  'Filling the City ComboBox2  ComboBox2.AddItem "Rancaguita"  ComboBox2.AddItem "Santiago"  ComboBox2.AddItem "Concepción"  ComboBox2.AddItem "La Serena"  ComboBox2.AddItem "Viña del Mar"  'Filling the AFP ComboBox3  ComboBox3.
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System Requirements: Types, Characteristics, and Documentation

Posted by on Dec 6, 2024 in Computers | 0 comments

What is a Requirement?

A requirement is a necessary attribute in a system, representing an ability, characteristic, or quality factor beneficial to customers or end users. It describes a condition or capability a system must meet, derived from user needs, contracts, standards, or specifications.

  • Requirements Types

Software requirements fall into two categories: functional and non-functional.

Functional requirements define system functions, describing input-to-output transformations.

Non-functional requirements

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