TCP/IP Protocol Stack: Architecture and Functionality
What is the TCP/IP Protocol Stack?
The TCP/IP protocol stack is a family or set of protocols covering the different levels of a modern network architecture.
Protocol: A set of standards to be met by regulated parties to understand each other.
Layer or level: To reduce the difficulty of communication, which is treated as one problem, it was decided to divide it into smaller, specialized subsets, resulting in different layers or levels of communication.
TCP/IP Architecture
The TCP/IP architecture is a
Read MoreAdvanced Deep Learning Concepts: Q&A
Q33: What Role Does a Transposed Convolution Play in Semantic Segmentation?
A transposed convolution (or deconvolution) upsamples feature maps, restoring spatial resolution lost during pooling or strided convolutions. It allows the network to generate high-resolution outputs needed for pixel-wise predictions in semantic segmentation tasks.
Q34: What is a Skip Connection in Semantic Segmentation?
A skip connection combines feature maps from earlier layers with those from deeper layers, preserving fine-
Read MoreDatabase Types and Design: Relational, Hierarchical, Network
Database Types
There are three major models of databases: hierarchical, network, and relational.
Hierarchical Database
A database hierarchy, or hierarchical tree, is used for the logical representation of data. Files are organized into hierarchies, and normally each corresponds to one of the entities of the database. Hierarchical trees are represented upside down, with the root up and the leaves down.
Characteristics of hierarchical databases:
- File segments are arranged in a hierarchical tree.
- Segments
Networking Fundamentals: Key Concepts and Protocols
Chapter 2: Networking Fundamentals
1. What Can Be Identified by Examining the Network Layer Header?
- 1. The target device in the local media.
- 2. Path to use to reach the destination host.
- 3. Bits to be transferred on the media.
- 4. Source application or process creating the data.
2. Refer to the Exhibit. What Type of Network Is Shown?
- 1. WAN
- 2. MAN
- 3. LAN
- 4. WLAN
3. What Is the Purpose of the TCP/IP Layer Network Access?
- 1. Path determination and packet switching.
- 2. Representation, coding, and control.
- 3. Reliability,
Key Concepts in Computer Networking and Internet Protocols
Frequently Asked Questions
“The term for an internet connection is the amount of data that can be transferred in 1 second, measured in bits per second (bps):”
Answer: B. Throughput
“If  (throughput of the server  is greater than the throughput of the client ), then the average end-to-end throughput is:”
Answer: C. Min 
“Identify the correct order in which the following steps take place in an interaction between a browser and a web server to establish a TCP connection. (Assume RTT = 2):”
Answer:
Synchronization Problems in Concurrent Systems
Synchronization Problems
1. What is the difference between the Reader-Writer problem and the Bounded Buffer problem?
The Reader-Writer Problem and the Bounded Buffer Problem are both synchronization problems, but they differ in the following ways:
- Problem Focus:
- Reader-Writer Problem: Deals with multiple readers accessing a shared resource concurrently while ensuring that writers get exclusive access to modify the resource.
- Bounded Buffer Problem: Involves managing a fixed-size buffer where producers