Understanding Serial Communication, Conversions, and Voltage
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
- [40HZ 18.75HZ 75000]
- 8 bit × 75000 samples/sec = 600000 bits/sec
- 24 × 10^6 / 6 × 10^5 = 40
- SPPR = 4, SPR = 2 => (4 +1) × 2^(2+1) = 40
SPPR (3bit) = 100 SPPR (3bit) = 010
- 100010
- 0100 0010 ⇒ $42
Communication Circuit Programming
- [baud rate = 19200 9bit = 8 + 1 …… ]
- (24 × 10^6) / (16 × 19200) = 78 = $004E
- 00,1 4E,1
- 13, 1
- 00011101
Conversions
- [1 Mega byte]
1MB =2^20 × 8bits= 8388608 bits
- [Binary 00100101 to decimal]
1×2^5 + 1×2^2 + 1×2^0 = 37
- [Hex $A23C to 16 Binary]
Intel 8086 Modes & Operating System Fundamentals
Intel 8086 Microprocessor Operating Modes
The Intel 8086 microprocessor has two modes of operation: minimum mode and maximum mode. These modes determine how the processor operates and interacts with other components in a system, particularly concerning control signals and bus management.
Minimum Mode
In minimum mode, the 8086 microprocessor operates as a single processor in the system. This means that it controls all the buses and manages all the operations by itself without needing any external control
Read MoreVHDL Fundamentals: Entities, Architectures, and Syntax
General Concepts
Design Tools:
- CAD (Computer-Aided Design) <- Test
- Simulation
- EDA (Electronic Design Automation)
Basic VHDL Design Units
- Entity: Defines the interface of a design block.
- Architecture: Defines the behavior or structure of the design.
- Package: Groups reusable declarations (types, components, functions, etc.).
- Signal: Represents hardware wires or connections; used for communication between processes and components. Assignment operator:
<=. - Variable: Used for temporary storage within sequential
Cloud Computing Architecture: Components, Virtualization, and SOA
Cloud Computing Architecture Components
Cloud Computing Architecture Components
- Hypervisor: A virtualization layer that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical server by managing hardware resources (e.g., Microsoft Hyper-V).
- Management Software: Tools used to monitor, configure, and automate cloud resources, ensuring efficient operations (e.g., Google Cloud Console).
- Deployment Software: Enables cloud service deployment, scaling, and orchestration, often using automation (
Data Link Layer: Functions, Protocols, and Error Control
The Data Link Layer Explained
The data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of information through a transmission circuit. It is the second layer of the OSI model. It receives requests from the network layer and uses the physical layer service. The goal is error-free information flow between two directly connected machines.
To achieve this goal, the data link layer mounts blocks of information (frames), assigns link-level addresses, manages error detection and correction, and handles
Read MoreParallel vs Serial Data Transmission: Types & Communication Channels
Parallel Transmission
Parallel: All bits are transmitted simultaneously, followed by a brief interval. This transmission rate is suitable for short distances, typically within a machine or between closely located machines. The primary advantage is speed, while the main disadvantage is cost.
Data multiplexing can also be considered a form of parallel transmission, where data is transmitted on a single line by interleaving different data streams.
Parallel Transmission
Serial Transmission
In serial transmission,
Read More