Cybersecurity Essentials: Attacks, Encryption, and Protocols
Common Types of Active Network Attacks
The various types of active attacks are described as follows:
- Masquerade Attack: This occurs when an unauthorized entity pretends to be a legitimate user or system to gain access to resources. For example, an attacker sends a message to a user pretending to be someone else, and the recipient is unaware of the impersonation. A common scenario involves “Darth” sending a message to Alice while pretending to be Bob.
- Replay Attack: This involves the unauthorized capture
Mastering Web Development: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Example: Simple HTTP Request (Browser to Server)
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
User-Agent: Chrome/122.0
Accept: text/htmlThis is the real request your browser sends to the server.
Unit 2: HTML Elements and Structure
1. Basic HTML Structure
<title>My First Page</title>
<h1>Welcome</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>2. Hyperlink
3. List
- HTML
- CSS
- JavaScript
4. Table
| Name | Age |
|---|---|
| Ankit | 20 |
5. Image
6. Div and Span
This is inline text.
Unit 3: HTML Forms and Multimedia
1.
Read MoreMapReduce Fundamentals: Architecture, Matrix Multiplication, and Distributed Processing
MapReduce Algorithm for Matrix Multiplication
- Input matrices A and B are stored in HDFS.
- Map Phase: Emits key-value pairs for each element multiplication.
- The Mapper emits the key
(i, j), where the value isA[i][k] × B[k][j]. - Shuffle Phase: Groups all intermediate values by the key
(i, j). - Reduce Phase: Sums all values associated with each key
(i, j). - The final result
C[i][j]is the summation:Σ A[i][k] × B[k][j]. - Each Mapper processes a partial multiplication set.
- The Reducer aggregates these partial
Parallel and Distributed Computing Models Explained
Parallel and Distributed Programming Models
Parallel Programming Models
Shared Memory Model: Allows all processors to use the same memory space.
Distributed Memory Model: Uses separate memory for each processor and relies on message passing.
Data Parallelism: Applies the same operation to many data items at once.
Task Parallelism: Runs different tasks in parallel on possibly different data.
Distributed Programming Models
- Client-Server Model: Involves clients requesting services and servers providing them.
I is correct ii is correct
Explain the use of scanf() and printf() with examples
#include <stdio.H>
int main() {
int a = 10;
float b = 5.5;
printf(“The value of a is %d and b is %.2f\n”, a, b);
return 0;
}
The value of a is 10 and b is 5.50
#include <stdio.H>
int main() {
int age;
printf(“Enter your age: “);
scanf(“%d”, &age);
printf(“You are %d years old.\n”, age);
return 0;
} , You are 21 years old.
Explain the following types of function arguments
Read MoreKali Linux Command Reference: Basic to Intermediate Shell
This cheat sheet covers essential commands for system navigation, file management, user administration, and networking in Kali Linux, spanning foundational concepts (Lessons 1-2) and more advanced topics (Lessons 3-4).
System Information and Navigation
| Concept | Command / Info | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| OS Info | uname -a | Show kernel, version, and architecture |
| Hostname | hostname | Show the system’s hostname (L3-4) |
| List files | ls, ls -l, ls -als | -l = detailed listing, -a = show hidden files |
| Manual | man <cmd> | View command help documentation |