Node.js and Express Backend Development Handbook
Express Framework Fundamentals
The Node.js web framework provides a structured pipeline from top to bottom:
- Routing system
- Middleware pipeline
- Response utilities
- Template integration (Pug, etc.)
The standard flow follows: Request → Middleware → Route → Response.
Middleware Pipeline
Middleware functions run before the final response. The function signature is (req, res, next). These functions can:
- Modify the req or res objects.
- Stop the request using
res.send(). - Pass control using
next().
Note: If neither
Read MoreFundamental Concepts of Computing and Programming
Definition and Characteristics of a Computer
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data (input), processes it according to a set of instructions (program), stores it, and produces meaningful information (output).
What is a Computer?
A computer can be defined as: “An electronic machine that takes input, processes it under the control of a program, and produces output while storing the data for future use.”
Key Characteristics of a Computer
Computers have several important characteristics
Read MoreWindows Server Administration: Essential PowerShell & Tasks
Remote PowerShell
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName AcmeDCExit-PSSession
Create Security Group
New-ADGroup -Name "NAME" -GroupScope Global -Path "OU=Hamilton,DC=acme,DC=com"
Create Folder and Share
- Folder:
New-Item -Path "C:\Corporate\NAME" -ItemType Directory - Share:
New-SmbShare -Name "NAME" -Path "C:\Corporate\NAME" -FullAccess "Everyone"
NTFS Permissions (icacls)
- Full Control:
icacls "PATH" /grant "ACME\GROUP:(OI)(CI)F" - Modify:
icacls "PATH" /grant "ACME\GROUP:(OI)(CI)M" - Read & Exec:
icacls "PATH" /grant
PPS SEMII
1. Short note on String
A String is a one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null(‘\0’). Each character in the array occupies one byte of memory, and the last character
must always be null(‘\0’). The termination character (‘\0’) is important in a string to identify where the string
ends.
Syntax:
charstring_name[size];
char name[10]; [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
name[10 D A R S H A N \0
Declaration and Initialisation
You can declare and
C Programming Fundamentals: Structure, Variables, and I/O
1. C Program Structure and Components
Input Section
- Input Devices: Used to enter data into the computer system.
- Converts human-understandable input into computer-controllable data.
- The CPU accepts information from the user through these devices.
- Examples: Mouse, Keyboard, Touch screen, Joystick.
Output Section
- Output Devices: Used to send information from the computer to the outside world.
- Converts data stored as 1s and 0s into human-understandable information.
- Examples: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speakers.
Database Management Systems: Core Concepts and SQL
E.F. Codd’s 12 Rules for RDBMS
E.F. Codd, a pioneer in the field of relational databases, defined 12 rules (numbered 0 to 12) to determine whether a Database Management System (DBMS) can be considered a truly Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).
The 12 Rules Breakdown
- Rule 0: The Foundation Rule: A system must use its relational facilities exclusively to manage the database.
- Rule 1: The Information Rule: All information must be represented as values in tables (rows and columns).
- Rule 2: Guaranteed