DBMS Architecture, Roles, and Interfaces
Database Interfaces
A DBMS provides various interfaces to suit different types of users (from non-technical clerks to expert administrators).
- Menu-Based Interfaces: Primarily used for web clients and browsing. Users are presented with a list of options (menus) and do not need to know any query language.
- Forms-Based Interfaces: Common for “naive users.” Users interact by filling out fields in a form (e.g., a bank account registration form). The DBMS then handles the insertion or retrieval.
- Graphical
Modern Web Technologies and JavaScript Essentials
JavaScript: The Language of the Web
JavaScript (often abbreviated as JS) is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. While HTML provides the structure and CSS provides the style, JavaScript provides the interactivity.
It is a high-level, interpreted programming language that allows you to implement complex features on web pages—from updating content dynamically and controlling multimedia to animating images and handling user input.
Applications of JavaScript
- Web
Input and Output Devices Plus Operating System Functions
Input Devices
đź’» Input devices are hardware components that allow users to send data and control signals to a computer.
Classification and Use
Input devices can be broadly classified based on the type of data they input:
| Classification | Example Devices | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|
| Human Data Entry | Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone | Manual data entry, text, commands, and real-time control. |
| Source Data Automation | Scanner, Digital Camera, Magnetic Stripe Reader | Capturing data directly from the source without human transcription. |
Specific
Read MoreOperating System Fundamentals and Architecture
Operating System Fundamentals
An Operating System (OS) is a program that acts as an intermediary between a computer user and the computer hardware. It is divided into four components: Hardware, OS, System/Applications, and Users. The system follows a Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle.
System Operations
- I/O and CPU: Execute concurrently.
- Device Controller: In charge of a particular device type.
- Local Buffer: Moves data to and from main memory and local buffers.
- I/O Process: Data moves from the device to the local
MongoDB Fundamentals and Web Development Concepts
MongoDB: Document Database Essentials
MongoDB (MDB) is a popular open-source, document-oriented NoSQL database. Unlike traditional relational databases that use tables & rows to store data, MDB uses collections & documents. This means MDB stores data in a flexible, JSON-like format, called BSON, which allows the data to be unstructured or semi-structured.
Key Differences Between MDB & Traditional Relational Databases
- Schema Flexibility: MDB doesn’t require a fixed schema. Documents in
C++ Formative Exam Code Refinement
Formative Exam Code Review and Correction
<p>******************************************************<br>
FORMATIVE EXAM<br>
******************************************************</p>
<h3>Library Management System Code (Questions 1-8)</h3>
<p><code>#include <iostream><br>include <fstream>
include <sstream>
include <string>
include <map>
include <memory>
include <algorithm>
<p><code>using namespace