Microcontroller Architecture and Communication Protocols
Microcontroller Architecture
MCU Components: CPU, RAM, Flash, Bus, Peripherals, Pin Mux, Interrupts, Clocks.
Peripheral Examples
Timers, GPIO, UART, I2C, SPI, ADC, DAC, DMA.
I/O Types and Mechanisms
- Programmed I/O:
- CPU polls the device continuously in a loop, checking for readiness.
- Wastes CPU cycles, useful for simple, non-time-critical applications.
- Interrupt-driven I/O:
- Device sends an interrupt signal to the CPU when it’s ready.
- CPU can perform other tasks while waiting.
- Direct Memory Access (DMA):
- DMA
Mastering Dynamic Divs and Image Sliders in HTML
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Computer Networks: Types, Models, and Devices
Computer Networks
Computer networks enable the sharing of resources, facilitate communication, and support various applications such as:
- Email: Instant messaging and communication.
- Web Services: Access to websites and online services.
- File Sharing: Collaborative work and data storage.
- Streaming Services: Multimedia distribution.
Based on Topologies:
- Bus: Single central cable; simple and cost-effective.
- Star: Central hub; easy to manage and expand.
- Ring: Each device connected to two others; data travels in
Telecommunications Cables and Network Technologies
Telecommunication Cables and Network Technologies
Types of Cables
- Dual Pair Parallel Cable: Consists of two parallel cables, often rigid, isolated by a plastic such as polyethylene. It is used to connect the cable modem, telephone, or rosette.
- Inconvenience: Susceptible to noise and electromagnetic interference, as the part that carries the signal can act like an antenna.
- Twisted Pair Cable: Minimizes electromagnetic interference. The two wires are twisted, canceling out the effects of sending and receiving
Java Programming Exercises: Salary, Shapes, and More
Java Programming Exercises
Worker Salary Calculation
Calculate weekly salary based on hours worked.
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public double calcularSalarioSemanal(int numHoras) {
double resultado;
if (numHoras <= 30) {
resultado = numHoras * 10;
} else {
resultado = (30 * 10) + ((numHoras - 30) * 15);
}
return resultado;
}
public void run() {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
int horas;
Computer Graphics Concepts: CMYK, RGB, Buffering, and More
CMYK and RGB Color Models
CMYK subtracts from white, K “black”
RGB Additive color model – adding ‘primary’ colors to black
Buffering and Image Processing
Double buffering is having two buffers in video memory (front and back buffer) for swapping between them, solving any flickering or partially drawn frames problems
Sobel convolution Apply a kernel to every pixel in image
Gradient of a point Directional change in intensity of color of image
Lines and Curves
Parametric line P(t) = P0 + t(P1-P0)
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