IoT Protocols, Networking and Cloud Architectures: CoAP, MQTT, AMQP
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is a lightweight communication protocol designed for IoT devices with limited power, memory, and processing ability. It is similar to HTTP but optimized for constrained networks and works on UDP.
Characteristics
- Lightweight and simple
- Works over UDP
- REST-based (supports GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
- Supports asynchronous communication
- Multicast supported
- Provides security using DTLS
- Designed for constrained devices and low-power networks
Message
Read MoreSemiconductor Diode Applications: Biasing, Rectification, and Regulation
Diode Biasing Fundamentals
What is Diode Biasing?
Diode biasing is the process of applying an external DC voltage to a PN junction diode to control its operation and determine whether it will allow or block the flow of electric current.
Types of Diode Biasing (Forward and Reverse)
1. Forward Biasing
- Connection: The positive terminal of the external voltage source is connected to the P-type material, and the negative terminal is connected to the N-type material.
- Operation: This applied voltage opposes
Building Cloud Infrastructure: Data Center Networks and Public Platforms
Data Center Cloud Networking Implementation
Building cloud networks within a data center involves designing and implementing a network infrastructure that supports cloud computing services. This infrastructure includes virtualized networking, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and robust security measures to ensure reliable connectivity, efficient resource utilization, and seamless integration with cloud services.
Key Components of Data Center Cloud Networks
- Virtualized Networking: Cloud networks leverage
Cloud Computing Models, Services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), and Architecture
Cloud Computing Fundamentals and Deployment Models
Defining Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a model of delivering IT resources such as servers, storage, applications, and networking over the internet on demand. It eliminates the need for owning physical infrastructure and follows a “pay-as-you-go” approach, providing scalability, flexibility, and cost efficiency.
Deployment Models
Public Cloud –
Operated by third-party providers and delivered over the internet.
Resources are shared by multiple
Microsoft Azure, Aneka, and Core Cloud Computing Models
Microsoft Azure Cloud Services Portfolio
Microsoft Azure is a comprehensive cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services for application development, management, and deployment. Key services offered by Microsoft Azure include:
- Compute Services: Azure provides various compute services, including Virtual Machines, Azure App Service, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), and Azure Functions. These services allow users to run applications and workloads on Azure’s global network of data centers.
Core Networking Concepts: ACLs, VPN Security, and Cisco SD-Access
Access Control Lists (ACLs) and Configuration
An Access Control List (ACL) is a set of rules used on routers or firewalls to control network traffic and reduce network attacks. It filters traffic based on IP address, protocol, or port number.
Types of ACLs
Standard ACL
Filters traffic based only on the source IP address.
- Range: 1–99 and 1300–1999 (expanded range).
- Placement: Typically placed closer to the destination (since it does not check destination IP or ports).
Extended ACL
Filters traffic based