Understanding Communication Systems: Definitions, History, and Models
Understanding Communication Systems
- Definition of a System
A combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes.
- What is System Engineering?
Systems engineering is an iterative process of top-down synthesis, development, and operation of a real-world system that satisfies, in a near-optimal manner, the full range of requirements for the system.
- Chronology of Communication Systems
The Visual Era: Smoke signals → Pigeon Post → Printing Press (1450)
The Wired Era:
Read MoreSatellite TV and Community Facilities: Signals and Equipment
Community Facilities
Processors are devices that change the original frequency of emissions. They are used to mix signals from different satellites positioned at certain satellite transponders, filling empty voids present in the emissions of another satellite. This is achieved with a single line of descent.
Equipment for Distribution in F1
F1 Amplifiers: A broadband amplifier that covers the entire F1 band of 950MHz to 2150MHz satellite. It is necessary when you want to give users a transparent band
Read MoreMastering Active Listening: Key Elements & Skills
Active Listening
Introduction
While listening is an integral part of effective communication, few students are taught how to listen effectively. Many students believe that hearing what is said is the same as listening to what is said. In reality, they are distinctly different.
Hearing is a physical yet passive act involving the process and function of perceiving sound. Listening is hearing the sounds with deliberate intention. Therefore, unlike hearing, listening is a skill that improves through conscious
Read MoreTransmission Media: Types, Interference, and Channel Capacity
In a data transmission system, the transmission medium is the physical path through which the sender and receiver communicate. We distinguish two types of media: guided and unguided. In both cases, transmission takes place through electromagnetic waves. Guided media direct the waves along a physical path; examples of these media are coaxial cable, fiber optic, and twisted pair. Unguided media transmit waves but do not direct them; examples include air and vacuum.
The nature of the medium, along with
Read MoreShared Memory and Message Queues in C
This code demonstrates inter-process communication (IPC) using shared memory and message queues in C. It also handles signals and finds perfect numbers.
Code Snippet:
st_shmem *shmem; <br>
st_msg msg;
<br><br>
int shmem_id;
<br>
int msg_id;
<br><br>
<!-- Handler for signal actions -->
<h3>Signal Handler</h3>
void handler(int signo) {
<br>
printf("\nTerminated compute PID = (%d)\n", getpid( Read More
Radio Communication Essentials and Propagation
Radio Communication
Radio communication takes place via radio waves that carry electric voice and video data. It is very important that the frequency of the radio system is correct.
Communication, Emission, and Propagation
- Transmission of electrical signals
- Reception
Radio Communication Services
- Fixed point-to-point service
- Mobile services (between stations)
- Channel broadcasting (radio and TV)
Simple Method of Operation
- One-way transmission
- Duplex: Simultaneous transmission in one way
- Half-duplex: Simultaneous