Commercial Documents and Payment Methods

Minutes

Minutes: A draft is written before a contract is finalized. It’s an annotated document outlining the main points that will be used in the final draft.

Invoice

Invoice: A document issued by the seller, and agreed upon by the buyer, detailing a transaction involving the sale of goods or services. Entrepreneurs and professionals are required to issue invoices for transactions carried out in the course of their activities. Invoices are typically created in duplicate, with both the buyer and seller

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Understanding Incoterms: A Clear Explanation

Understanding Incoterms

Incoterms are rules for any mode or modes of transport.

Rules for Any Mode of Transport

  • EXW (Ex Works): The seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place. The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.
  • FCA (Free Carrier): The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by
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Bill of Exchange: Essential Features and Processes

Bill of Exchange

Credit is the most important title and must contain the following features:

1. Reference to Bills of Exchange

A reference to bills of exchange must be inserted in the text of the document. This is a sacramental formality requirement, without which the bill of exchange, as such, does not legally exist.

2. Date of Subscription

The expression of the place, month, day, and year when you subscribe. This means mentioning in the letter the place or city that creates or issues it, as well as

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Types of Sales Contracts: Auction to Inheritance

Sale by Auction

We can say that a sale by auction is when a seller, with prior public notice, offers an item for sale, and the item is sold to the highest bidder. The highest bidder becomes the buyer.

Sale or Return

This is a sale in which the buyer is expressly given the power to try or test the item. In this type of sale, the “evidence” can be established:

  • As a condition precedent: The sale is perfected when the buyer has tested the item and finds it satisfactory.
  • As a condition subsequent: The sale
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Spanish Commercial Law: Partnerships, Agreements, and Securities

Partnerships

General Partnership

Governed by the Commercial Code. No minimum capital amount. The partners are jointly and severally liable for the partnership’s debts. Any transfer of partnership interest requires the consent of every partner.

Simple Limited Partnership

Governed by the Commercial Code. Two types of partners: at least one partner with unlimited liability is in charge of the management and representation of the partnership; at least one limited partner who is liable only to the extent

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Incoterms: International Shipping Terms Explained

Incoterms: Rules for Any Mode of Transport

EXW (Ex Works)

The seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place. The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.

FCA (Free Carrier)

The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place. The parties

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