Understanding Vouchers, Receipts, Promissory Notes, and More
Understanding Key Business Documents
Return to Voucher
This voucher is used to execute the delivery or transfer of goods sold. The person receiving the property records their compliance, finalizing the seller’s right to collect payment and the buyer’s obligation to pay. It provides the basis for preparing a refer factura.
The voucher extends in triplicate:
- The signed original is delivered by the seller to the purchaser.
- The duplicate, with the purchaser’s agreement confirming receipt, is kept by the
International Trade Process: Sales, Shipping, and Payments
International Trade: A Step-by-Step Process
Sales Agreement
The seller and the buyer agree on the terms of sale. This includes:
- Price
- Quantity
- Quality
- Delivery terms
Essential Documentation
Both the buyer and seller require important documentation. These documents facilitate a clear understanding of the transaction and ensure legal compliance. Examples include:
- Invoice: Detailing the goods sold and the price.
- Bill of Lading: Showing that the goods have been shipped.
- Certificate of Origin: Indicating where
Bill of Exchange: History, Concept, and Legal Framework
History of the Bill of Exchange
The bill of exchange is emphasized for three historical periods:
- Italian Period (14th Century): Arising from the need of merchants carrying values. This period is characterized by the letter of transfer, transport, or transportation.
- French Period (17th Century): Acceptance and endorsement were consolidated under French law.
- German Period (19th Century): Changes in German law added features to the bill of exchange that we have today.
Concept
A bill of exchange is a title
Read MoreUnderstanding Bills of Exchange and Checks
Bill of Exchange – Definition and Key Players
A bill of exchange is a document through which a person agrees to pay another person a certain amount of money on a specified date and at a specified venue. These letters and official documents are obtained from tobacconists.
In a bill of exchange, the following are involved:
- The drawer – The person issuing the letter; the seller who is owed payment.
- The drawee – The person liable for payment; the buyer.
- The borrower – The person who has the letter in his
SA & SRL Dissolution, Shares, and Bill of Exchange
Causes of Dissolution of an SA (Public Limited Company)
A Public Limited Company (SA) in Spain can be dissolved for the following reasons:
- If the General Board agrees to it.
- Compliance with the terms set by statute.
- Having met the company’s objectives.
- Losses that reduce the company’s net worth to below 50% of the share capital.
- Reduction of capital below the legal minimum (€60,102).
- Inability to carry out the company’s objectives.
- Bankruptcy (before bankruptcy proceedings). If an agreement is signed,
Bill of Exchange: Characteristics and Requirements
CHAPTER XX – Bill of Exchange
General
Notion and general characteristics.
A bill of exchange can be defined as a negotiable instrument that incorporates an unconditional order, given by the issuer to another person, to pay a certain sum to another party. It is regulated by Law 19/1985 of July 16, concerning exchange and checks.
There are three subjects:
- The drawer, who issues the document giving the payment order, ensuring compliance.
- The drawee: the person to whom the payment order is directed. They