Metal Production: Mining, Metallurgy, Alloys, and Iron-Carbon Processes
Metal Production Processes
Mining and Metallurgy
Mining involves extracting ore deposits and separating the metal-rich parts from other materials. Metallurgy is the set of processes used to obtain metals from their ores, separating them from other elements. Metallic industries create useful items from metals.
Historical Significance and Recycling
Iron and its derivatives (steel and cast iron) have significant historical importance. Metallurgy also includes obtaining steel from siderite (iron ore). Metals
Read MoreUnderstanding Metal Corrosion: Processes and Prevention
Understanding Metal Corrosion
Metal corrosion is the transformation of a metal or metal alloy through chemical or electrochemical interactions, resulting in corrosion products and energy release.
Metallic corrosion (electrochemical mechanism) typically occurs when metal is exposed to water molecules, oxygen gas, or hydrogen ions in a conductive medium.
Protection Against Metal Corrosion
Protection methods must consider technical and economic aspects. Exposure is crucial. Corrosion inhibitors or controlling
Read MoreA History of Technological Advancements
Etymology of Technology
The word “technology” originates from the Greek technologia, meaning systematic treatment of an art, derived from techne (art, skill) + -o- + -logia (logy) in 1859.
The Scientific Revolution (17th Century)
Key Events:
- 1649: Charles I beheaded (English Revolution)
- 1688: Changes in England
- 1700: War of Spanish Succession (concluded in 1713)
- 1756: Seven Years’ War
- 1760: James Cook’s voyages
- 1776: American Revolution (concluded in 1783)
- 1815: Napoleonic Wars and Congress of Vienna
- 1829:
Materials Science: Structure, Properties, and Classification
Introduction to Materials Science
Introduction
Materials Science examines how materials are formed and their properties. Its objective is to provide criteria for selecting the most appropriate materials for engineering applications.
Materials are substances that make up everything. Since the beginning of civilization, materials and energy have been used to improve living standards. The production and processing of new materials are fundamental to our economy. Engineers continually seek materials resistant
Read MorePaint Composition, Types, Application, and Defect Analysis
Paintings
Definition: A fluid or fluidized material able to transform into a solid, opaque film, tenaciously adhered to the substrate on which it is applied, providing the color of the pigment in its composition.
All paintings share the characteristic of being applied in liquid form and becoming solid, continuous films once dried.
Components:
- Vehicle = solvent + binder
- Color Pigment
- Loads = additives
Component Properties: Resistance to the medium, adhesion to the substrate, chemical neutrality, color stability,
Read MoreMatter, Atoms, Molecules, Ions, Substances, Mixtures, and Energy
Matter
Matter is anything that occupies space, has mass, and is subject to measurable changes over time and interactions with measuring devices. In physics and philosophy, matter constitutes objective material reality, perceivable identically by different subjects. It includes all objects visible or detectable by physical means.
The term also refers to the subject of literary, scientific, or political works. This leads to the “matter-form” opposition, where the same content or subject can be treated
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