Matter, Atomic Structure, and Chemical Bonds: Key Concepts
homogeneous matter fisiccos: No ls diferents parts are distinguished, their prodiedads-ended and are in all their punts = homogeneous mixture:
Subject homogeneous composition variable d Pure substance:
Subject homogeneous d fixed composition written:
Pure substance k se pode simple descomponr on OTRS + x metods kimics Item:
Pure substance q pode descomponr s not in OTRS + simpls Separation:
mixtures homogens: Distilling and crystallization heterogns: filtration decantationSolute:
A substance dissolves
Lead-Acid Batteries: Function, Verification, and Failures
If a container has two electrodes immersed in distilled water and a battery connected, you will observe that distilled water is not conductive. However, if we sprinkle salt and dissolve it, it becomes conductive.
By passing an electric current for a few minutes, we see that the water picks up a greenish color. This effect is called electrolysis, and the liquid is an electrolyte.
Accumulators are used to provide electricity to the motor. They consist of two plates or bars of lead (Pb) immersed in dilute
Read MoreAromatic Hydrocarbons, Alkyl Halides, and Alcohols: Properties and Nomenclature
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons are benzene derivatives. Benzene is characterized by unusual stability, which is given by the particular arrangement of conjugated double bonds. They are named because of their strong, usually pleasant, odors. The generic name of the mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is “arene,” and radicals derived from them are called “aryl” radicals. All of them can be considered derivatives of benzene, which is a cyclic molecule, hexagonal-shaped, with a bond
Read MoreUnderstanding Salts, Carbohydrates, and Their Functions
Salts and Their Functions
SALTS: There are many varieties of salt ions such as ion. Essential: fluid balance and acid-base balance. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (cations) and chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate are anions.
Dispersion is defined as the mechanical interposition of particles of a substance within another. Depending on the size, there are:
- Coarse dispersion (1000 Å): Visible under a microscope, does not pass through permeable or semi-permeable membranes (dialysis)
Chemical Reactions: Rates, Equilibrium, and Entropy
Chemistry
Vocabulary
Rate
A ratio between two related quantities expressed in different units.
Reaction Rate
The rate at which the reactants of a chemical reaction form the products.
The calculated average rate can be negative for a reactant or positive for a product.
Collision Theory
States that in order for a collision to be effective, reactant particles must possess a sufficient amount of kinetic energy to break the necessary bonds in the reactants.
There are two things needed for a reaction to occur:
Read More