Chemical Reaction Rates and Mechanisms
Chemical Reaction Rates
The speed of a chemical process is defined as the change in the concentration of reactants or products with respect to time. The overall order of a reaction is the sum of the partial orders for each of the reagents.
Zero-Order Reactions
In these reactions, the reaction rate is independent of the concentration. Zero-order reactions are often found in heterogeneous catalysis, when the reaction is carried out on a surface saturated with reagent, and in reactions catalyzed by a
Read MoreChemical Reactions and Energy: Key Concepts in Chemistry
Limiting and Excess Reactants
Limiting Reactant: The reactant in a chemical reaction that limits the amount of product that can be formed. The reaction will stop when all of the limiting reactant is consumed.
Excess Reactant: The reactant in a chemical reaction that remains when a reaction stops when the limiting reactant is completely consumed. The excess reactant remains because there is nothing with which it can react.
Molecular and Empirical Formulas
Molecular Formula: The molecular formula is the
Read MoreFundamentals of Chemistry: Matter, Properties, and Methods
Fundamentals of Chemistry
Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space.
Chemistry: study of the composition of matter & the changes that matter undergoes.
Organic Chemistry: study of all chemicals containing carbon.
Inorganic Chemistry: study of chemicals that generally do not contain carbon (mainly found in non-living things).
Biochemistry: the study of processes that take place in organisms.
Analytical Chemistry: area that focuses on the composition of matter.
Physical Chemistry: area that deals
Read MoreLiterary Forms and Chemical Mixtures
Popular Literature XI-XII
Popular Lite XI-XII, literature anonymous oral created for people. Narrative (verse) tells or writes about events, and reports. Lyrical is varied, full of love.
Cultured Literature XIII
Cultured Lite XIII, Writing Narrative. Noble prose offers advice and instructs readers. Lyrical themes include love and social criticism.
Popular Lyrical Forms
Liri popu: brief, anonymous compositions with metric irregularities. Minor art, assonance rhyme, simple style, greater intensity, lyrical
Read MoreKey Concepts in Science: Classification, Energy, and Matter
Why Do We Classify Organisms?
Living organisms are classified mainly to avoid confusion, to make the study of organisms easy, and to learn how various organisms are related to each other. Scientists classify living organisms into different kingdoms, phyla, classes, etc. based on different criteria.
When Is Work Considered Done?
Work is said to be done when a force applied to an object causes displacement in that object. This can be expressed as W = F x s.
How to Calculate the Molar Mass of Hydrochloric
Read MoreGas Chromatography vs Liquid Chromatography: Principles & Components
Gas Chromatography (GC) vs. Liquid Chromatography (LC)
The fundamental difference between GC and LC lies in the state of aggregation of the mobile phase. In LC, the mobile phase is a liquid, while in GC, it’s a gas. They also differ in viscosity and their ability to penetrate.
GC Components:
- Gas supply system (carrier gas)
- Nano-reducer
- System cell regulation and flow measurement
- Sample introduction system
- Thermostat system (oven)
- Column
- Detection system
- Microprocessor temperature programming