Metallurgy Terms: Blowholes, Hardenability, and More
Metallurgy Terms
Blowholes
Blowholes are cavities formed when gases dissolved in an alloy are trapped during solidification.
Hardenability
Hardenability is the ability of a material to be tempered.
Carburetion
Carburetion is the process of combining carbon and iron to make steel.
Esteadite
Esteadite is a type of eutectic melting, hard and brittle, with a melting temperature of 960°C. In foundries, it appears gray.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of atoms in a disordered lattice from their equilibrium
Read MoreBiology Questions and Answers: Chapters 1-3
Chapter 1
- Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?
D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem - Which of the following statements about genetics is true?
B) Each organism has its own unique DNA code. - Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains
A) Bacteria and Archaea. - Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true?
D) All bacteria
Understanding Matter: Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Solutions
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure substances have a constant composition that does not change under any physical conditions. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.
Pure Substances: Compounds and Elements
- Compounds: Pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical processes.
- Elements: Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any means.
Mixtures
Mixtures are combinations of multiple pure substances that can
Read MoreChemical Reactions and Processes: A Concise Summary
Chapter 1: Flame Tests
Flame Test Colors:
- Calcium: Red
- Copper: Blue/Green
- Potassium: Purple
- Sodium: Orange
Displacement Reaction: A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
Chapter 2: Iron Extraction and Alloys
Blast Furnace: A large piece of equipment used to extract iron from its ore using a reduction reaction.
Process:
- Iron ore, limestone, and coke are added.
- Air is blown in.
- Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Heat
- Carbon Dioxide + Carbon → Carbon Monoxide
- Iron Oxide
Thermochemistry and Chemical Bonding Fundamentals
Thermochemistry and Chemical Bonding
Key Concepts in Thermochemistry
- Vaporization Heat: The amount of heat needed to convert 1 mol of a liquid substance to gas.
- Melting Point: A constant temperature where a balance exists between the liquid and solid phases.
- Boiling Point: A constant temperature where a balance exists between the gas and liquid phases.
- Freezing Point: A constant temperature where equilibrium exists between the liquid and solid phases.
- Heat of Reaction (Enthalpy): The amount of heat absorbed
Types of Solids and Chemical Bonds
Types of Solids and Their Properties
This table summarizes the properties of different types of solids:
| Type of Solid | Example Substance | Particles in the Crystal | Links Between Particles | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular | Simple substances or compounds of nonmetallic elements | Molecules (multimolecular structure) | Intermolecular forces | Low melting and boiling temperatures, not soluble in polar solvents. If polar, they may conduct in solution. If nonpolar, they will not conduct. |
| Giant Covalent | Diamond | Atoms (giant structure) | Covalent |