EU Public Policy: Cycle, Budget, and Key Policies
EU Public Policy: An Overview
Within the framework of its powers, the EU can submit proposals on matters where citizens believe a legal act of the Union is required to implement the Treaties. Most public policy within the EU continues to be made at the member state (MS) level. However, in a growing number of areas, including various economic, foreign, and social policies, decisions are made at the EU level.
The Public Policy Cycle in the EU
The classical elements of the public policy cycle are agenda
Read MoreUnderstanding Accounting Elements and Valuation Criteria
5. Criteria for Registration or Recognition of Accounting Elements of Annual Accounts: Bookkeeping is the process by which the various elements entering into the asset balance are recognized. When should they be recognized? Likely when they are expected to provide future economic benefits or returns for the company. Liabilities are recognized when they mature, and it is necessary to distinguish a product that must be delivered or resources that will incorporate future economic benefits or income.
Read MoreUnderstanding the Spanish Stock Market and Investments
The Continuous Market
The Continuous Market is the most important and representative of all Spanish stock markets. Established in 1989, this market deals exclusively in shares. Operators communicate through a computer network that connects all members of the Spanish stock exchanges. The computer system used today is the Spanish Stock Market Interconnection System (SIBE).
The Electronic Fixed Income Market
The Electronic Fixed Income Market operates similarly to the Continuous Market, using a computer
Read MoreBusiness Models, Plans, Strategies, and Key Tools
Business Models, Plans, and Strategies
A business model describes the logic of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value. It outlines how a company intends to make money, without excessive detail.
Types of Business Models
- Free Model: Companies like Facebook and Twitter operate on a free model. Users don’t pay; they are the product. These models require a large critical mass and are typically profitable through advertising.
- Freemium Model: Spotify and LinkedIn are examples of the
Financial Concepts and Inventory in Business
Key Financial Concepts and Inventory Management
The reorder point is the inventory level that determines when to place an order.
Leverage
Leverage is defined as the company’s use of fixed operational and financial costs to increase profitability. It is a measure of risk:
- Operational Leverage: Refers to the multiplier effect that fixed costs have on profits. It’s a measure of operational risk.
- Combined Leverage: Occurs when a company employs both types of leverage to increase income for the owners.
- Financial
Understanding Business Assets and Accounting Information
The Accounting Treatment of Information
Accounting is the economic science that studies business assets, the rules, and the scientific basis upon which the registration of a company’s financial information is based. This is done both aesthetically and dynamically. The importance of accounting information lies in its ability to generate and supply data to various users, and in its quality as a reflection of the company’s situation. The aim is to provide financial information at different levels and
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