International Investment, Labor, and UNCTAD
Foreign Direct Investment and Migration
FDI, FII, Multinationals, and TNCs
These terms relate to international investment and the corporations that facilitate it. Definitions are often debated, but we can define them as follows:
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Refers to investment made outside the home country of the investing company in which control over the resources transferred remains with the investor. Eg. Renault buys shares of General Motors.
- Foreign Indirect (Portfolio) Investment (FII): Refers
Key Concepts in Business and Human Resources
What presents a flowchart of structural content type?
Only the various units that make up the company.
What do you mean by the Taylorist model of human resources?
To maximize the synergies between man and machine to obtain peak performance.
What is the key to personal and direct communication with external customers?
Effective listening.
5 Phases of Any Project
- Planning
- Organization
- Execution
- Coordination
- Control or Evaluation
McGregor’s Theories X and Y of the Worker
- Theory X: The worker responds to controls
Cost Accounting System: Construction Phases and Allocation
COSTA 2 Construction Phases
Phase 1: Analysis and determination of production factor costs.
Phase 2: Analysis and determination of the cost of activities carried out.
Phase 3: Analysis and determination of the cost of products or services.
Downstream Process
Elaboration of a scorecard detailing costs and outcomes.
Preliminary Steps
Determination of the company’s functional organization.
Steps in Cost Construction
Cost Classification and Location
- Classification: Direct Costs (DC), Indirect Costs (IC).
- Location:
Management Essentials: Decisions, Planning, Motivation, Teams
Key Decision Types in Management
There are three primary types of decisions managers face:
Programmed Decisions
These involve using solutions already available from past experience to address routine problems. Examples include:
- HR Management: Handling common issues arising from decisions like pay raises or vacation day requests. Since these situations are frequent, managers typically have established procedures for addressing related complaints or conflicts.
- Retail Scheduling: A store manager developing
Commodification, Poor Laws, and Polanyi’s Critique
The Commodification of Labor and Poor Law Reform
The full commodification of labor came after land and money. Key historical points include:
- Tudors and the Stuarts
- Speenhamland, 1795
- 1834 Poor Law Amendment
The Poor Law Amendment represents the starting point of modern capitalism.
Societal Effects of Commodification Policies
The commodification of land, labor, and money caused severe hardships for large groups of people. Polanyi argues that extreme degrees of deregulation and privatization will always
Read MoreBanco de España: History and Central Bank Functions
History and Functions of the Banco de España
In all modern nations, the central bank is an institution of notable importance for a country’s economic and social life. However, its functions are not widely known by the public.
There is a set of functions currently common to all central banks. A central bank is a public institution that issues and administers a country’s currency with the fundamental aim of maintaining economic stability and controlling inflation. Furthermore, it is the Treasury’s
Read More