Spain’s Cereal Crisis & Railway Development (1879-1900)
Cereal Crisis in Spain (1879-1884)
Between 1879 and 1882, Spain experienced a significant cereal crisis. Poor harvests and high corn prices meant that domestic production could not meet the market’s needs, leading to the import of wheat and flour in 1884. This imported wheat, primarily from Europe, North America, Russia, and Argentina, was of good quality and lower priced. The influx of foreign grain caused a decline in domestic wheat prices, making it difficult for Spanish farmers to cover their
Read MoreUnderstanding Leasing Contracts: Features and Benefits
Leasing Contracts
Functions
- This contract allows for the purchase of goods, but it is not a sale.
- It provides funding for the employer.
- It offers tax benefits.
Legal Regulation
Our legislation addresses leasing. It is considered an atypical contract, but it is referenced in various laws. The law governing credit institutions provides a concept, and the law of 29.7.1988 assigned social benefits in its seventh additional provision. The corporate tax law of December 27, 1995, Article 128, was partially modified
Read MoreSpain’s Industrial Transformation: 1959 and Beyond
The Second Industrial Boom in Spain
The political confrontation between the two superpowers, known as the Cold War, had significant implications for Spain due to its strategic location.
A Key Date: 1959
The United States’ support of Franco’s dictatorship had a significant economic counterpart in Spain. In exchange for allowing the US to establish military bases, Spain experienced a new wave of economic growth. In 1959, the Stabilization Plan represented the liberalization of the Spanish economy, which
Read MoreUnderstanding Ledgers, Fintech, and Bitcoin
Understanding Ledgers in Accounting
Ledgers are the primary records where a company’s financial accounts are documented.
- Principal Recordings of Accounts
Economic Activity: Records all transactions affecting the company’s financial position, such as revenues, expenses, investments, and debts.
Financial Relationships: Maintains details on financial obligations, including receivables, payables, and liabilities.
Types of Ledgers
- Based on Recording Approach:
Transaction: Records specific movements such as
Read MoreBusiness Finance: Funding, Investment, and Leasing
Understanding Corporate Finance and Investment
Own Means of Financing
Own means of financing refers to the financial resources owned by the company. These resources include:
- Capital: Provided by partners or owners of the company.
- Reserves: Profits retained by the company and not distributed, used to cover financial needs.
When a company reinvests profits into itself, it is engaging in self-financing.
External Means of Financing
External means of financing are the set of external resources that generate
Read MoreEU Social Policy: Treaties & Evolution
Treaty of Rome (1957)
It aimed to harmonize the social legislation so that a country’s industries would not be discriminated against compared to others by the application of different labor standards.
Evolutionary History
- 1951-1957: Establishment of the ECSC.
- 1957-1968: Establishment of the EEC.
- 1969-1972: Boom and expansion of social policy. Initiation of a European economic and monetary system (ECU), creation of the Standing Committee on Jobs, and the Summit in Paris (1972).
- 1973-1978: Influence of