Phases of Technological Innovation and Adoption Factors
Phases of Technological Innovation
1. Initial Research and Development
Characteristics: This phase involves intensive research and development, trial and error, and multiple design experiments. Knowledge is fragmented, and performance growth is low despite high effort.
Objective: The goal is to explore various possibilities and establish standards that pave the way for future advancements.
2. Expansion
Characteristics: A dominant design or product emerges, leading to rapid performance improvement. Efforts
Read MoreUnderstanding Quality: Concepts, Dimensions, and Management
Quality Concept
The word “quality” has many meanings. It can be defined as:
- A set of inherent properties of an object that confer the ability to satisfy implicit or explicit requirements.
- The perception that the client has of a product or service; it is a consumer mindset that assumes compliance with the product or service and its ability to meet their needs.
Approaches to Quality
Definitions from the Product Perspective
The quality of a product is given by the customer’s perception of this product, depending
Read MoreEnvironmental Crisis: Sustainable Solutions for the Future
Environmental Crisis: A Critical Stress on Our Planet
The environmental crisis refers to a series of problems that have led to critical stress due to technological and industrial progress developed outside of natural systems.
Alternatives to Environmental Problems
Uncontrolled Exploitation
Uncontrolled exploitation is a direct result of industrialization and overexploitation of resources, which provokes the current environmental crisis. It is based on the generation of wealth and consumer goods that
Read MoreUnderstanding Corporate Funding: A Deep Dive
Sources of Funds
Sources of funds refer to the liquid resources or means of payment available to a company to meet its cash needs. One can distinguish between internal and external financing (payable by third parties such as banks and savings banks).
Internal Sources of Financing
Internal sources of financing have no predetermined period for repayment as it pertains to the owner of the company. It is possible to distinguish between capital contributions and self-financing (resources generated by the
Read MoreOrganizational Structure and Design in Multinational Enterprises
The objective of organizational design (OD) is to provide, maintain, and develop organizational structures that work toward the achievement of corporate goals. OD helps create a workable structure of tasks and positions that create the physical organization and jobs.
Organizational structure is ultimately driven by strategy; in the near term, however, strategy is shaped by organizational structure because structure provides a constraint to action. Structure is relatively immobile in the short run;
Read MoreFormal and Informal Organizational Structures: Key Factors
Organizational Role
The organizational role exists and is significant for people. It must include:
- Objectives: Verifiable objectives, as noted in Part II, are an important part of planning.
- Duties: A clear idea of the major duties or activities involved.
- Authority: An understood area of discretion or authority so that the person performing this role knows what they can do to achieve goals.
Organizing
- Identification and classification of required activities.
- Grouping of activities to meet objectives.
- Assigning