Social Economy: Actors, Trends, and Challenges
Three Actor Model
Three independent elements interact:
- Business: Taxes decrease.
- State: Wages decrease.
- Society: Labor decreases (doubly so due to technology).
There’s a conventional equilibrium among these actors, but something remains unresolved. Society demands more services and has increasing needs, while the state has fewer resources to meet these needs (this is a core problem in our economy). The part of society called non-profit organizations depends on profit, directly or indirectly, because
Read MoreAudit Program: Key Areas, Working Papers, and Objectives
Key Areas in Audit Program Preparation
When preparing an audit program, auditors should pay close attention to several key areas:
- Hotspots: These areas are particularly sensitive to errors and can vary between companies (e.g., foreign currency balances, loans to directors).
- Significant Areas: These are important due to the amount of interest they generate for users of accounting data. They are often common among companies in the same industry (e.g., fixed assets, sales, and stocks).
- Additional Areas:
Competitive Strategies: Defensive, Offensive, and Growth Tactics
Competitive Strategies for Business Growth
Defensive Strategies: Reducing Competitive Risk
Defensive strategies aim to reduce the risk of attacks from competitors, strengthening and preserving a company’s competitive advantage.
Ways to Protect Competitive Advantage:
- Impeding Attackers’ Actions:
- Expanding the product line and filling market gaps.
- Securing exclusive agreements with suppliers or offering reduced prices to distributors.
- Maintaining products similar to the competition.
- Counteroffensives Against
Financing Options and Technology’s Impact on Business
Business Financing Options
Business Financing: The goal of this essay is to show the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of financing. It includes three ways: credits, crowdfunding, and business angels, which are presented one by one.
Bank Credits
The most famous method of financing is bank credits. Banks may grant a credit, but most of the time, it includes a high price to pay when it comes time to pay back. The latest values actualized on the Bank of Spain’s web page are from 2016,
Read MoreState Intervention, Fiscal Policy, and the Basque Economy
The State and the Economy
The state represents democracy and it’s important to control the economy. Here’s a look at the differences between classic and Keynesian economics:
Classical vs. Keynesian Economics
- Classical Economics: Believes in a competitive market where the flexibility of prices and wages guarantees full employment.
- Keynesian Economics: Emerged during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Keynesians criticize classical economics because they see the private economy as unstable. They don’t
Imitation vs. Innovation: Competitive Strategies & Market Leadership
Imitation and Innovation Strategies
Imitative Strategy
This strategy involves copying what other successful companies are already doing. Companies using this approach adopt similar business models, services, or products to those that already exist.
Innovative Strategy
This strategy focuses on creating something new and different from what other companies in the industry are doing, offering unique products or services.
Example: Coca-Cola used an imitative strategy when it copied RC Cola’s idea and launched
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