Understanding Banking and Financial Instruments

Current Account

A current account is an irregular deposit contract for money, with an additional service agreement provided by the cash custodian.

Irregular Deposit

In an irregular deposit, the depositary (receiver) acquires ownership of the thing deposited and promises to return to the depositor at the maturity of the contract, otherwise the same nature or value.

Cheque

Mentions in the clauses of a check passed for payment by:

  • Bearer
  • On behalf of a particular person with the clause “not to order”
  • On behalf
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NPV and IRR in Investment Projects: Key Differences

NPV and IRR in Investment Projects

Relationship Between NPV and IRR

We know that the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of an investment in a project is the discount rate (k) that makes the Net Present Value (NPV) equal to zero (NPV = 0 when k = IRR). If the NPV calculated for an investment project at a rate k is positive, it means the project’s IRR is greater than k. If the NPV is negative, it indicates that the project’s IRR is lower than the alternative investment’s profitability or the company’s cost

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Product, Branding, and Pricing Strategies for Businesses

Product and Branding Strategies

What is a Product?

A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a want or a need. Products include more than just tangible objects. Broadly defined, products also include:

  • Services
  • Events
  • Persons
  • Places
  • Organizations
  • Ideas
  • Or mixtures of these

Products, Services, and Experiences

Marketing-mix planning begins with building an offering that brings value to target customers. A company’s market offering

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Performance Appraisal, Employee Empowerment, and Rewards

Learning Organization

A learning organization is a firm that recognizes the critical importance of continuous performance-related training and development and takes appropriate action.

Implementation of Training and Development Programs

Implementation of training and development programs is difficult due to the fact that managers are too occupied for training and development, qualified trainers are needed, employees may resist change, etc. The Kirkpatrick model provides the metrics which evaluate training

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Effective Decision-Making Groups: Structure and Size

**Types of Decision-Making Groups**

  • **Decision-Making (DM) Groups**

    Have the responsibility and authority to make decisions on matters brought before them. They have original authority, e.g., boards of directors, or delegated authority.

  • **Advisory or Study Groups**

    Generate some of the information used in DM. For example, they generate alternative plans or candidates for a manager to choose from. After such study, they advise the manager which alternative should be chosen.

  • **Coordinating Groups**

    Individual

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Key International Organizations in Trade and Development

International Organizations

Associations are found around the world for a particular purpose: to help the population economically, socially, and in health.

Encourage:

  • Economic growth
  • Good functioning of the regions
  • Good relations, as well as partnerships with other countries
  • Increased foreign investment

World Bank

Dedicated to providing financing, advice, and research to developing nations to aid their economic advancement.

Acts as an organization that attempts to fight poverty by offering developmental

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