Community Participation in Health: Benefits & Teamwork

Community Participation in Health: Developed vs. Developing Countries

Community participation is aimed at promoting health and reducing social inequalities. In developed countries, the focus is often on optimizing existing systems, while in developing countries, it’s about building foundational health infrastructure. In Spain, the General Health Law of 1986 emphasized community participation, mandating that Health Councils comprise 50% community representatives, 25% union representatives, and 25%

Read More

Business Development Strategies: Diversification and Integration

Defining a Company’s Field of Activity

A company defines its field of activity, or business portfolio, by establishing its scope of action and differentiating between strategic segments. The scope refers to the range of functions, customer groups, or technologies it will employ. Strategic segment differentiation considers the various combinations of functions, customers, and technologies. A company’s definition depends on its mission, objectives, operating environment, and resource allocation. The

Read More

Digital Transformation: Shaping the Future Economy

The Second Economy: A Digital Revolution

Arthur (2011) highlights how digitization is creating a vast, automatic, and invisible second economy, representing the most significant change since the Industrial Revolution.

A new wave of technology is quietly transforming the economy, bringing forth new social classes and a different business landscape. This goes beyond mere computer use, social media, and online commerce. It’s about business processes, once conducted by humans, now executed electronically.

Read More

Understanding the Marketing Mix: 4Ps and Implementation

Marketing Mix Concept

The marketing mix is the organization of all the variable elements controlled by a company or other institution in order to maximize its trade value with the environment.

Marketing-Mix Variables: The 4Ps

Although the number of variables that make up the market supply is quite large, they are commonly classified into the 4 Ps:

  • Product: This includes sub-variables such as the tangible product, useful product, brand, packaging, and labeling.
  • Price: This includes sub-variables such
Read More

Corporate Finance: Principles and Practices

Corporate Finance: Principles and Practices

Corporate Finance encompasses every decision a business makes, as each decision has financial implications. Marketing, Sales, Branding, and Accounting are integral parts of a larger picture: corporate finance.

Characteristics

  • Assets: Items or rights owned by the company.
    • Assets in Place: Existing investments (e.g., buildings, factories).
    • Growth Assets: Future growth opportunities (e.g., acquiring another company). Calculated as (Debt + Equity) – Assets.
  • Liabilities:
Read More

EU Community Expenditure and Economic Cohesion

Community Expenditure

  • Operating expenses

Institutions: personal, current goods, services, management costs… The Union’s own resources are collected by member states. The European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) finances the costs of the common agricultural policy. The European Social Fund (ESF) aims to promote employment opportunities and occupational and geographical mobility of workers. The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is the main financial instrument of regional

Read More