Essential Documents and Cost Factors in Building Projects
Question 1
Background: A complete set of cross-referenced and up-to-date contract documentation is essential to identifying, describing, and applying the requirements of a Building Contract and to allow the project scope to be accurately costed and materials sourced and ordered.
For a typical new, single-story, 3-bedroom house on a vacant sloping site:
List 15 relevant pieces of contract documentation, including those documents, which the PCA-Approving Authority and Safework NSW may require, that a
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The Influence of Interest Rates
How do interest rates impact investments? When interest rates decrease, returns on deposits and fixed-income securities diminish. Consequently, investors often seek higher returns in equities, increasing demand for shares and driving up prices. Conversely, when interest rates rise, investors shift towards safer, higher-yielding investments, selling their shares and creating an oversupply that lowers prices. These markets are interconnected; a well-functioning secondary
Cruise Tourism, Attractions, and Hotel Operations
Cruise Tourism
Cruises are mainly concentrated towards short sea journeys, about a week. Cruises can take many forms, from small-scale specialist ships to gigantic mass entertainment ships. Cruising has become a significant tourist industry. Big cruisers are like floating resorts where guests can enjoy luxury and entertainment while moving towards their multiple destinations. Companies are now offering bigger cruise ships, which bring economies of scale. The international market for cruising has
Read MoreUS Economic Crises: Dot-Com Bubble & 2007 Housing Crash
A Brief History of US Economic Crises
The Dot-Com Bubble (Pre-2001)
Before 2001, interest rates were high, which was reasonable given the economic cycle. High interest rates typically control economic growth and appreciate the currency. The dot-com bubble was a speculative bubble that inflated the stock prices of technology companies. These companies had significant know-how, but many lacked profitability. Venture capital firms fueled this bubble, seeing a promising future in the tech sector. While
Spanish Economy in the 19th Century: Banking and Foreign Trade
Banking Sector in 19th Century Spain
The objectives of the financial system were to recover savings and make them available to employers to invest, provide means of payment, and finance industrial and service companies by buying shares.
Types of Banks in the Nineteenth Century:
- Savings banks
- Merchant banks
- Traditional banking houses (used their profits to finance)
- Joint-stock banks (meeting the finance function par excellence)
Legislative Developments
Before 1848, the law was relatively free, with no limitations.
Read MoreHistory of the Banco de San Fernando: 1829-1847
A few years later, there were accusations of corruption at the management of the Bank in relation to abuse by directors of the privileges; of the granting to shareholders of loans secured by their shares, contravening the provisions in the Statute; and of the manipulation of the price of vales reales on international markets.
The financing of wars, waged during Carlos IV’s reign, required further issues of vales reales, suspending their convertibility temporarily. The government continued resorting
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