Economic Hardship and the 1929 Stock Market Crash

Post-WWI Economic Hardship and Monetary Stability

Production: Two stages can be distinguished:

Reconstruction

Lasted until 1925. In the case of Europe, it was very slow, taking ten years. Compared to World War II, recovery was much harder. There were four phases:

  • Socio-political problems: New political governments were very weak because they did not achieve an absolute majority to govern and, therefore, lasted a short time. It was a difficult time, with numerous labor strikes. Territorial disputes
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Spain’s Economic Boom & Social Changes in the Late 1980s

Elections in 1986

Once Spain was accepted into the European market, foreign investment pushed the economy, lowering unemployment. Due to the debate about NATO, the PSOE lost votes but still held 184 seats. The right-wing party, led by Manuel Fraga, combined with other so-called popular coalition forces, obtaining 105 seats.

After a long crisis, the PNV expelled Carlos Garaikoetxea and his followers, who would soon form the Eusko Alkartasuna party. Jose Antonio Ardanza called for regional elections

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Mastering English Phrasal Verbs and Idioms

Mastering English Phrasal Verbs

Settle

  • Settle in: Become used to being there and feel at home.
  • Settle for: Choose to accept.
  • Settle up: Pay the bill.
  • Settle down: Become calm.
  • Settled down: Started living a quiet life, get married, have children.

See

  • See me off: Take me to the airport and say goodbye.
  • See through: Realize the truth behind the lies.
  • See to: Arrange, make sure.
  • See things through: Continue till completed.
  • See about: Arrange, put in order.

Take

  • Take in: Deceive (not being honest).
  • Take somebody up
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Key Financial Terms and Business Practices

Key Financial Terms and Concepts

Stock Market Basics

  • Blue Chips: Low-risk investments in reputable companies with a strong record of dividend payments.
  • Bull Market: A period of rising market prices.
  • Bear Market: A period of falling market prices.
  • Dividend: The portion of a company’s post-tax profits distributed to shareholders, usually expressed in pence or cents per share.
  • Flotation: The initial offering of a company’s shares on the market.
  • Portfolio: The collection of securities owned by an individual
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Essential Finance & Investment Terms: A Concise Glossary

Essential Finance and Investment Terms

Cash Flows: Incoming and outgoing money; the movement of money in and out of an organization.

Treasury Bills (T-bills): Bonds issued by governments (typically with maturities up to one year).

Maturity: The length of time before a bond becomes repayable.

Nominal Value: The value written on a bond or share, which typically never changes for shares.

Commercial Paper: A short-term loan issued by major companies, sold at a discount. It is unsecured, meaning it is not

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Advantages of Community Work: Cultural and Relational

Benefits of Community Work

Benefits to the Cultural Dimension

  1. Organizational experiences are a social space and an instrument for building definitions, interpretations, visions, and common readings of issues, needs, and community action projects. Intervention appears as a cultural meeting place, a place for social interaction with others that becomes a watershed event in the process of changing one’s perspective. It also allows for diversification of intellectual standards, a broadening of perceptions,
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