Understanding the Welfare State: Origins, Objectives, and Evolution
Understanding the Welfare State
The welfare state, succeeding the Liberal State, focuses on social policy, extending social welfare to the middle classes and other areas. This transformation of social policy was influenced by several factors:
- Universal Suffrage: The expansion of democracy across Europe.
- The Great Depression (1929): Highlighted the weaknesses of the capitalist model in ensuring adequate resource distribution and economic growth.
- Industrialization: The creation of consumer goods with
Understanding Different Types of Quality Teams
Read MoreTeamwork
There is a set of criteria for characterizing the various teams that are implanted into organizations that have adopted quality systems. These criteria are:
- The origin of the team members
- The collective goal or purpose for establishing the team
- The type of participation
- The team’s decision-making capacity
- The links between the team and organizational structure
The latter criterion is to assess the extent to which the team affects the organizational structure; i.e. if it modifies it and therefore
Understanding Financial Imbalance & Project Management
Ways to Calculate the Financial Margin (FM)
The financial margin can be calculated using the following formulas:
- AC – PC
- (PN + PnoC) – ANOC (long term)
Suspension of Payments
Suspension of payments refers to a temporary financial imbalance in the OAT (Operating Assets Turnover) where the firm does not have enough resources to deal with its short-term debts. This can be determined by analyzing the liquidity ratio. It is a reversible situation.
“Situación” Bankruptcy
“Situación” bankruptcy indicates a
Read MoreUnderstanding Balance of Payments, EU Objectives, and Economic Policies
Balance of Payments
- Current Account: Goods, services, revenue, current transfers
- Capital Account: Capital acquisition and disposal of assets
- Financial Account: Investment, change in reserves
EU Objectives
- To provide an economic process and balanced and sustainable social development.
- Establish an authentic European identity.
- Develop cooperation activities in justice and home affairs.
- To ensure effective mechanisms and community institutions.
- Protect the rights and interests of European citizens.
Convergence
Read MoreMastering Marketing: Strategies, Branding, and Innovation
Understanding Marketing: Business Orientation and Development
Marketing is a management process responsible for identifying, anticipating, and satisfying customer requirements profitably.
Types of Business Orientation:
- Market-led: Company driven by market factors, but customer focus may vary.
- Production-led: Focus on operational schedules and economies of scale.
- Product-led: Focus on product features as a key advantage.
- Sales-led: Transactions based on short-term goals.
- Technological: Driven by new technologies,
EU Employment Policies and Social Agenda: Key Priorities
EU Employment Policies and Social Agenda
These measures do not include harmonization of the laws and regulations of the Member States. Article 150 of the EC creates a consultative status to promote coordination between Member States’ employment policies and labor market. The tasks of the Committee shall be:
- To monitor the employment situation and employment policies of Member States of the Union.
- To establish opinions at the request of the Council of the Commission or on its own initiative, and contribute