International Business and Global Marketing Fundamentals

Business Expansion Proposal Template

1. I believe the best country for the company to expand into right now is _____ because it lines up well with the company’s goals and values.

2. Politically, this country is _____, which gives the business more stability and less risk during expansion.

3. A stable political climate also makes it easier for the company to plan long-term without worrying about sudden changes.

4. Economically, the country has _____, and this is important because it affects how much

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Company Share Buyback Rules, Conditions & Effects

Share Buyback: Key Rules and Terms

1. Sources of Buyback

Sources: Free reserves (for example, retained earnings), securities premium account, and proceeds of earlier issues (not of the same kind).

Note: You cannot use proceeds from an equity share issue to buy back equity shares.

2. Authorization in the Articles of Association

The buyback must be authorized by the company’s Articles of Association (AOA). Amend the AOA if buyback is not already permitted.

3. Approval Required

Approval thresholds:

  • Up to 10%
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Essential Human Resource Management Topics for Exams

Concise HRM Notes for Academic and Exam Use

Here are concise, structured notes for the eight Human Resource Management (HRM) topics listed in your image. These are designed to be clear and ready for an academic paper or exam.

1. Social Approach to HRM

The social approach views an organization as a complex social system. It focuses on the fact that employees are not just economic resources but individuals with social needs and psychological drivers.

  • Focus: It emphasizes group dynamics, employee relationships,
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Investing in Indian Stock Exchanges: Steps, Risks & Returns

Process of Investing Through a Stock Exchange

Investing in the stock market through a stock exchange involves several steps:

Step 1: Open a Demat Account

  1. Choose a broker: Select a registered broker or a brokerage firm.
  2. Demat account: Open a Demat account to hold shares in electronic form.

Step 2: Funding Your Account

  1. Link bank account: Link your bank account to your Demat account.
  2. Deposit funds: Deposit money into your trading account.

Step 3: Research and Select Stocks

  1. Analyze companies: Research companies,
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Business Structure Comparison: SL, COOP, and S.A. Models

Arterra (SL)

  • Legal Form: Sociedad Limitada (SL)
  • Benefits: Protects founders’ assets; Professional image for international trade; Flexible for multi-activity operations.
  • Taxation: Corporate Tax 25% (sometimes 15%). Corporate Income Tax paid annually (July 1-25) or in installments.
  • VAT (IVA): 0% on exports outside the EU. 0% intra-EU (with valid EU VAT number). Quarterly VAT returns.
  • Financial Context: Figures mentioned: -€533,000 and +€700,000. Financed through partners’ capital, bank loans, and public
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Global Development Models and Sustainable Living

Sustainable Development and Its Constituent Parts

Given the fact that I did not prepare this topic, I will base my theory on a video taken from the internet and, of course, what I have been thinking about in the last 10 minutes.

First of all, according to what I have seen on the internet (actually, I watched a Salfate program), he believes sustainable development is the confluence of three constituent parts: Society, Environment, and Economy. These terms are related to each other in specific ways:

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