Historical Evolution of the Employer: From Smith to Galbraith
Historical Evolution of the Employer
The Employer: A Historical Perspective
Eighteenth Century: The Capitalist Entrepreneur as Owner (Adam Smith)
During the Industrial Revolution, the individual entrepreneur emerged. According to Adam Smith, the employer functions as a handler of the means of production. The employer is defined as the subject that compromises their ability to function, and the company faces the risk assets of the business.
Eighteenth to Nineteenth Centuries: Entrepreneur and Businessman
Read MoreAuditing Financial Statements: Key Concepts and Procedures
1. Defining Auditing
Auditing is the process of reviewing the financial statements of an economic entity to issue a professional opinion on the credibility of those statements. This opinion is expressed in a document called an audit report.
2. The Purpose of the Planning Process
The planning process provides knowledge of the audit to be employed, the extent of the evidence needed, the chance of implementation, and the staff that must intervene.
3. Stages of Audit Planning
- Investigation of general and
Data Capture, Validation, and System Implementation
Design Stage
Designing data capture forms/input forms. Designing screen layouts.
Designing output forms and reports. Selecting and designing validation rules that need to be used. Selecting the most appropriate data verification methods.
Verification
Double Entry
In this method, data is entered twice, using two different people. The computer compares the two entries, either after data entry or during the data entry process, and identifies any differences.
Visual Check
This is the checking for errors by
Read MoreContainer Terminal Operations: Systems and Equipment
Functional Areas of Terminal Operations
1.1. Operational Area: Between the quay wall and the container yard.
1.2. Container Yard: Stacking area.
1.3. Landside Operations: (Gate, parking, office buildings, container freight station, etc.)
The length of a container terminal depends on the planned number of berths, the length of the design vessel, and local restrictions.
Operation Systems
2.1. Determinants of Operations System Choice
The decision for an operations system depends on:
- Size of vessels
- Traffic
Solving Math Problems: Equations, Matrices, and Optimization
Problem 1: Age Calculation
Three men’s ages total 85 years. Within 5 years, what will be the sum of their ages? They now have two children. Within two years, the middle child’s age will be half the sum of the current ages of the youngest and oldest children. How old is everyone?
Solution:
Let:
Problem 2: Matrix Equation
Determine the matrix A that satisfies the equation A – 2B = AB’, where B = 
and B’ represents the transpose of B.
Solution:
We need to solve: A – 2
= A
That is:
A – A
= 
A
–
= A
= 
Therefore,
Read MoreAdministrative Process for Business Development
Administrative Process
A Project to Develop Business
Planning
Planning is the management function that determines in advance which are the target audiences and what must be done to reach them adequately. It consists of determining in advance who is going to do it, how it will be done, and when it will be done.
Planning = Rationality
Advantages of Planning
- a) Contributes to orderly activities with a purpose.
- b) Notes the need for future changes.
- c) Provides a basis for monitoring.
- d) Forces the display of