Software Engineering Risk Management
Risks in Software Engineering
Key Features of Risks:
- Uncertainty: Probability of occurrence.
- Losses: Potential negative impacts.
- Areas Affected: Product, performance, maintainability, production process, development time, cost.
Types of Risks:
- Project Risks: Increased costs, organizational overflow.
- Technical Risks: Risks related to technology and development.
- Business Risks: Market, strategy, sales, management, budget.
Risk Identification & Groups
Risks can be categorized as:
- Generic Risks: Common to
Information Systems in Organizations: Types and Functions
Information Systems in Organizations
Chapter 3: Information Systems in Organizations
Information Systems (IS) are used to store and process data for sales, payrolls, stock management, and more. They must be useful, effective, and efficient.
Evolution of Information Systems
There are five stages in the evolution of IS:
- Very elemental: Only manual procedures.
- Application of IT: IT is applied to data processing; the first data processing centers appear.
- Information Systems Department: IS departments appear
Understanding Micro-Entrepreneurship: Definition, Qualities, and Importance
Understanding Micro-Entrepreneurship
A micro-entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business by identifying unmet needs or modifying a product or service.
Identifying Micro-Entrepreneurs
Micro-entrepreneurs are easily identified by their willingness to work long hours daily in their own business, rather than working fewer hours for someone else.
The Importance of Management
It’s crucial to develop effective management strategies. Micro-entrepreneurs are individuals capable of starting a business
Read MoreFinancial vs. Management Accounting: Key Differences & Objectives
Financial vs. Management Accounting
Companies prepare two main types of accounting information: financial accounting and management accounting.
Basic Types of Accounting Information
- Financial Accounting (External): Prepared primarily for external users. Also known as General Accounting.
This information pertains to the company’s operations with other entities and is documented according to commercial and accounting laws (Commercial Code, Corporation Law, General Accounting Plan, etc.).
Financial accounting
Read MoreTax Planning, Deductions, and Compliance Explained
Gross Total Income (GTI)
Gross Total Income (GTI) is the total income earned before deductions. It includes income from all sources without any deductions. GTI is the starting point for calculating taxable income.
GTI = Salary Income + House Property Income + Business/Profession Income + Capital Gains + Other Sources Income + Clubbed Income – Set off of Losses.
Canons of Taxation
- Canon of Equity: Tax burden should be distributed based on the ability to pay.
- Canon of Certainty: Taxpayers should be certain
Value Stream Mapping and Production Layouts
Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a flowcharting tool used to develop lean processes. This technique visualizes product flows through various processing steps. It also illustrates information flows resulting from the process, as well as information used to control flow. The aim is to provide a brief introduction to VSM and illustrate its use with an example.
To create a lean process, one needs a full understanding of the business, including production processes, material flows,
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