Business Subsystems and Core Processes
Business Subsystems
In organizations, major subsystems contain secondary subsystems. The main processes—collection, payments, production, purchasing, and sales—are essential.
Purchasing Process
Starts when a need is identified (input). This includes a purchase order. This process is often divided into sectors, potentially based on material type (e.g., productive material) or volume/value (e.g., very large volumes and high values). This goes to an authorizing party for approval. Stock is then checked.
Read MoreMétodos y Fuentes para la Investigación
Principios de la Investigación
Cualquier investigación de una teoría se basa en la literatura publicada. Un investigador debe mantenerse al día con todo lo nuevo publicado.
- Curioso: ansioso por saber.
- Preciso: definir los problemas adecuadamente, por ejemplo.
- Ciclos: La investigación, a medida que avanza, genera nuevas preguntas. La investigación puede tomar nuevos rumbos. Se debe tener una mente flexible.
La investigación es incremental. Todo trabajo de investigación significa añadir al conocimiento
Read MoreEssential Project Management Concepts and Practices
Project Management Definition and Characteristics
Project management applies knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet project requirements within scope, time, and budget. It involves planning, execution, monitoring, control, and closure to achieve specific objectives.
Key Characteristics:
- Goal-Oriented – Aims for specific objectives.
- Temporary – Has a defined start and end.
- Unique Deliverables – Produces distinct results.
- Evolving Process – Plans adapt as details emerge.
- Resource Constraints
Key Concepts in Operations and Supply Chain
Supply Chain Management Explained
Supply Chain Management: A vital business function that coordinates all of the network links. It coordinates the movement of goods through the supply chain from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors. It promotes information sharing along the chain, such as forecasts, sales data, and promotions.
Understanding Operations Management
Operations Definition: The business function responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling the resources needed to produce
Read MoreKey Concepts in Quality Management
Quality Management System Fundamentals
- A quality management system ensures that the organization’s activities are aimed at meeting customer needs.
- ISO 9000:2005 describes the underlying rationale of quality management as well as terms and vocabulary.
- ISO 9001:2000 specifies requirements for management systems.
- One of the ISO 9000 quality principles is the process-based approach.
- Regarding quality management system direction: Leadership involves taking initiative and leading cultural change for quality.
Data Security, Intellectual Property, and Green Computing
Data Security Across Organizational Levels
Organizational Level
Confidentiality
Sensitive business information (e.g., financial data, intellectual property) is protected from unauthorized access, both internally and externally, through company policies, access control systems, and encryption protocols.
Integrity
Organizational processes, procedures, and data are protected from unauthorized changes or corruption through data validation, audit trails, and version control.
Availability
Critical business operations
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