Human Anatomy and Physiology: Skeletal Cartilage and Nervous System
Skeletal Cartilage
Skeletal Cartilage:
- Hyaline: Provides support, flexibility, and resilience (e.g., ribs, elbow, shoulder).
- Elastic: Contains more elastic fibers (e.g., external ear, epiglottis).
- Fibrocartilage: Rich in collagen, provides tensile strength (e.g., intervertebral discs).
Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS): The command center, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Carries messages to and from the CNS, including cranial and spinal nerves.
Sensory
Read MoreSensory and Motor Pathways: A Detailed Look
Sensory Pathways
Nerve impulses from touch, pressure, heat, and cold receptors travel to the sensory cortex, triggering feelings. More sensitive body areas have a larger mapped cortex region. The sensory homunculus visually represents body regions relative to their allocated cerebral cortex, with larger areas like the face and extremities being the most sensitive.
Nerve impulses travel in bundles within the spinal cord, forming the spinothalamic pathway and the route of Goll and Burdach.
a. Spinothalamic
Read MoreLeukoplakia: Causes, Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Leukoplakia: A Comprehensive Review
Definition
Leukoplakia is a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.
Modified Definition (Malmo, Sweden, 1983)
A white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease and is not associated with any physical or chemical agent except the use of tobacco.
Etiology: Local Factors
- Tobacco products (smoked and smokeless)
- Alcohol
- Chronic irritation
- Candidiasis
- Electrogalvanic