Understanding Cancer: Types, Complications, and Prevention
Complications of Neoplastic Tissue
Complications: Obstruction/compression of organs, bleeding, perforation, dysfunction due to replacement by neoplastic tissue.
General: Cachexia + paraneoplastic syndrome (ADH up, GI -).
Benign Tumors
Glandular Benign Tumors:
- Adenoma
- Adenoma villous
- Fibroadenoma
- Cystadenoma
- Villous adenoma
Mesenchymal Benign Tumors:
- Papillary hemangioma
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Lymphangioma
TNM Staging
- T: Size of primary lesion (0 in situ)
- N: Extent to lymph nodes
- M: Presence or absence of metastases
Complications
Read MoreFetal Monitoring, Diagnostic Procedures, and Pre-eclampsia in Pregnancy
Fetal Monitoring and Labor Stages
Ultrasound Examination
- Purpose: Detects intrauterine infection, fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal organ development, congenital anomalies, pregnancy diagnosis, placenta implantation (position, location, thickness), stage of labor, fetal lie, position, presentation, engagement, and size.
- Anatomical Examination:
- Biparietal diameter
- Femur length
- Transverse truncal diameter
- Anterior-posterior truncal diameter
- Front-occipital diameter
- Functional
The Immune System Explained: Defenses, Cells, and Immunity Types
The Human Immune System: Defenses and Responses
The immune system is responsible for the body’s defenses. Key organs include:
- Bone marrow
- Thymus
- Spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Peyer’s patches
- Tonsils
- Adenoids
Immune Barriers: The Body’s First Lines of Defense
Immunity is broadly categorized into two main types:
1. Nonspecific (Natural) Immunity
This constitutes the primary and secondary barriers, providing immediate, general protection.
a) External Barriers
- Physical: Skin (keratin), cilia in the bronchi.
- Chemical: pH of the
Microbiology and Immunology Concepts: Chapters 14-17 Review
Infectious Disease Principles and Pathogenesis
1. Symbiotic Relationship Example
A symbiotic relationship example is Escherichia coli within the large intestine.
2. Mismatched Disease and Associated Factor
The disease and associated factor that do not match are: Emergence of avian influenza A (H5N1); use of antibiotics.
3. Correct Statement on Infectious Disease Development
A correct statement about the development of infectious disease is: The period of convalescence is the time during which the person
Read MoreImmune System Essentials: Barriers, Responses, and Key Concepts
Immune System Fundamentals
Natural Resistance
- Non-Specific Species Resistance:
- Absence of specific tissue or receptors.
- Second host or target site.
- Absence of toxins.
- Individual Natural Resistance:
- Nutrition
- Fever
- Age
- Genetic factors
- Stress
Physical Barriers
- Skin: Keratinized cell layer, scaling, dryness, normal flora, fats, washing.
- Respiratory Tract: Normal flora, microvilli, mucous surfaces.
- Gastrointestinal Tract: Stomach pH, peristalsis, secretions, normal flora.
- Urogenital Tract: Urine flow, normal flora.
Abordajes Terapéuticos: Cáncer de Colon, Recto, Páncreas, Próstata, Endometrio
Tratamiento Oncológico del Cáncer de Colon
El tratamiento primario es la cirugía, con resultados muy buenos. Se consigue la curación en el 70% de los casos.
Tratamiento Oncológico del Cáncer de Recto
La cirugía consigue curaciones de hasta el 50%. Dependiendo de si el tumor está a más de 5 cm del esfínter anal, podrá realizarse cirugía conservadora (Resección Anterior Baja) o cirugía radical (Resección Abdomino-Perineal con colostomía permanente). Los estadios II y III de alto riesgo
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