Molecular Diagrams: Glucose, Ribose, Fatty Acids & Metabolism
Molecular Diagrams & Biochemicals
Drawing Molecular Diagrams
Amino Acids
- Composed of an amine (NH2) group, a carboxyl (COOH) group, and an R group.
- 20 amino acids exist that compose all proteins.
- Each amino acid differs because the R groups are different.
Glucose
- Is a reducing sugar that contains C6H12O6.
- Most commonly found in a ringed structure and is the main product formed by photosynthesis.
- Energy molecule used in aerobic respiration.
- Monomer of starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Ribose
- Pentose (5 carbon)
Refuting Spontaneous Generation: Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur
The Fallacy of Spontaneous Generation
Spontaneous generation was a long-held belief, even described by Aristotle. Observation suggested that worms, flies, and other organisms emerged from mud, rotting meat, and moist places. The idea that life continuously arose from organic matter became commonplace in science. Today, the scientific community considers this theory refuted.
Francesco Redi’s Experiment
Francesco Redi, an Italian physician, conducted an experiment in 1668. He placed pieces of snake,
Read MoreUnderstanding Cells: Structure, Function, and Chemical Composition
The cell is the fundamental unit of life, capable of autonomous function. All living organisms are composed of cells, and it is generally accepted that no entity is considered alive without at least one cell. Some microscopic organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, are single-celled, while animals and plants are composed of millions of cells organized into tissues and organs. Although viruses and cell-free extracts perform many functions of living cells, their lack of independence, growth, and
Read MoreUnderstanding Plant Tissues, Reproduction, and More
Plant Tissues
Plant tissues are groups of similar cells performing specific functions in plants. They are broadly classified into dermal, ground, vascular, and meristematic tissues.
1. Dermal Tissue
Dermal tissue forms the outer protective covering of the plant. It consists of:
- Epidermis: Covers the external parts of herbaceous plants. Epidermal cells secrete a waxy cuticle, protecting against water loss. It is the outermost layer of the primary plant body, covering roots, stems, leaves, floral parts,
Media, Radio, and the Nervous System: An Overview
Mass Media: Functions and Types
Mass media are systems through which information is transmitted to a broad audience. They are also known as mass communication media. Their functions include informing, providing opinions, and entertaining.
Traditional Mass Media
- Press: The oldest form of mass media. It uses written language in clear, easy-to-understand texts designed to capture the reader’s interest. It also uses fixed images and design elements, such as color and varied font sizes and types.
- Radio:
Understanding Immune Defense Mechanisms: Specific and Nonspecific
Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms
Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms:
- Skin (mechanical barrier)
- Mucous secretions
- Microflora
Specific Defense Mechanisms
Specific Defense Mechanisms:
The cells involved in the immune process are leukocytes, found in the blood or tissue.
- Granulocytes: Leukocytes with cytoplasm granules loaded with substances that may be released.
- Agranulocytes: Cells that are absorbing or danticossos.
Nonspecific Immune Response
The nonspecific immune response depends on the type of infecting agents.
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