Animal and Plant Nutrition: Processes and Systems
Nutrition encompasses the substances that living organisms use and convert into energy and matter through their own processes. These substances, found in living foods, are composed of single units.
Nutrients
Nutrients are direct and simple substances that reach the cells.
Animal Nutrition
Digestive Processes
This involves breaking down food substances into simpler forms that the body can use and transport to cells via the blood.
Gas Exchange
This is the process of taking in oxygen for metabolism and expelling
Read MorePeptic Ulcer Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic ulcer disease corresponds to the focal loss of tissue in segments of the digestive tract mucosa that are in contact with HCl and pepsin. It involves at least the entire thickness of the mucosa and submucosa. Duodenal ulcers are 3 to 4 times more common than gastric ulcers.
Erosion (Acute Ulcer): Affects the mucosa and submucosa. Aspirin use can cause multiple and superficial erosions with minimal inflammation or fibrosis. Stress can also be a factor. These ulcers typically
Read MoreSpermatogenesis and Oogenesis: Key Facts
Key Facts About Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis:
- The stage of spermatogenesis that lasts about one day is meiosis.
- Sperm is stored and continues its journey in the epididymis.
- Vasectomy is performed on the vas deferens.
- Characteristics of the seminal glands:
- They are organs that secrete 60% of the volume of semen.
- Secretion of fructose and citric acid.
- Secretion of coagulating proteins.
- Characteristics of the prostate gland:
- It secretes 20% of the volume of semen.
- Secretion of clotting proteins.
Human Genetics: Traits, Alterations, and Analysis
THERE ARE FEW DESCENDANTS BY COUPLE: The laws of probability are more useful and effective when the population is large. The generation time is long: it takes a long time since an individual is born until they have descendants. You can not plan crosses: For ethical reasons, genetic experiments cannot be performed on humans. Cariogram: The karyotype of chromosome pairs ordered homólogos.El X chromosome carries genes for important biological characteristics, is present in women and in men. In women
Read MoreNutrition and Metabolism in Living Organisms
We say q is the flow of cyclic matter, but it loses energy, degrading to heat in the environment without apparently recovering it. The energy flow is unidirectional: solar energy is transformed by plants into chemical energy, and only about 10% of the stored energy is returned to the environment as heat. Only stored energy goes to the next trophic level.
ITEM 5. NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
5.1. Concept of Nutrition
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition: This refers to the exchange of materials and energy
Read MoreCell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell Cycle Phases
G1 phase: A period of intense metabolic activity. The cell size increases, as do its cytoplasmic structures.
S or synthesis phase: The time when DNA replication occurs.
G2 phase: The period in which the cell prepares to enter division; e.g., chromatin begins to condense.
After phase two, cell division begins.
Example: Escherichia coli can divide roughly every 20 minutes, while human skin cells take about 15 days to divide.
Somatic vs. Sex Cells
Somatic cells: These cells have 46 chromosomes
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