Ornamental Plant Propagation: Seeds & Vegetative Methods

Ornamental Species Propagation Techniques and Management

Different propagation methods exist, depending on whether the species reproduces sexually (via seeds) or vegetatively (asexually).

Sexual Propagation (Seeds)

Sexual propagation involves the union of male and female sex cells to form a seed. Seeds are typically sown in seedbeds during the spring.

Substrate

Peat is the best substrate for initial propagation. After several weeks, when the shoots have grown, it’s better to transplant them into compost.

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Key Definitions in Chemistry and Biology

Chemistry Concepts

A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are transformed into different ones.

The greenhouse effect is the warming of the atmosphere and land surface following the absorption of radiation from the sun.

Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure that indicates whether a person is obese or underweight, calculated from height and weight.

A chemical formula is an abbreviated formulation of a chemical reaction.

Acid rain: Rain in which some substances react with water, making

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Microscopes and Cellular Organization: Unveiling the Microscopic World

The Microscope

The Microscope: An optical instrument designed to observe extremely small objects, making them visible to the naked eye.

Cell Theory

In 1665, after observations with a compound microscope, it was indicated that cork plant material, apparently homogeneous, is composed of innumerable holes or cells that recalled a honeycomb. Since then, the term “cell” has been widely used. Soon after, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, with the help of simple microscopes of his own construction, made a series of

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Biological Wastewater Treatment: Processes and Applications

Biological Treatment

Biological treatment processes (BTPs) involve the destruction and conversion of organic chemical and biological pollutants. Inorganic chemicals cannot be destroyed by biological treatment, but they can potentially be converted in valence or oxidative state into compounds that meet permit levels, or inorganic pollutants that can be stripped from organic compounds biologically. In biological treatments, organic or hydrocarbon food serves as an energy source, or electron donor,

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Cell Biology: Comprehensive Review of Key Concepts

Key Concepts in Cell Biology

Water has hydrogen bonds that allow it to have special properties like cohesion (water molecules stick to each other), adhesion (water molecules stick to other surfaces), and surface tension.

Monomers form polymers via dehydration synthesis; in hydrolysis, polymers are broken down into monomers.

Nucleic acids are what make up DNA and RNA and hold a lot of genetic information. They are made up of nucleotides, which are composed of a deoxy/ribose, a phosphate, and a nitrogen

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Intentional Replantation: Indications, Contraindications, and Pathways

Intentional Replantation

Intentional replantation is indicated when there is no other treatment alternative to maintain a strategic tooth.

Indications

RCT cannot be performed conventionally:

  1. Calcifications
  2. Blockages
  3. The patient cannot open his/or her mouth sufficiently.

Treatment failures that cannot be retreated by conventional methods:

  1. Unusual anatomy.
  2. Canals that are blocked with broken instruments, crowns, ledges, or restorative materials such as posts; areas that are inaccessible.

Roots that have unmanageable

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