Male and Female Reproductive Systems: Anatomy
Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Spermatogenesis is responsible for producing sex cells called gametes. It reaches its maximum development at puberty, which occurs at different ages in boys and girls. Sexual dimorphism is different in both sexes. It is also responsible, along with the hormones, for producing the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, such as the appearance of pubic hair, etc.
Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system includes:
- Internal genital organs: These
Veins of the Human Body: Anatomy and Function
Azygos Vein
Azygos vein: It is formed in the thoracic cavity at the height of the 11th right intercostal space by the fusion of 2 medial and lateral branches. The lateral branch is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein; the medial branch comes from the inferior vena cava or the right kidney vein. It empties into the posterior wall of the superior vena cava. Branches: It receives direct branches from the right posterior intercostal veins IV to XI (receiving
Read MoreInnate Immunity: Your Body’s First Line of Defense
Innate Immunity: Your Body’s Defense System
Your body produces a variety of white blood cells that defend against pathogens. A healthy immune system is always ready, providing innate immunity, which defends against all pathogens.
How Skin and Body Secretions Protect You
The skin is the first barrier against microorganisms. Body secretions like mucus, oil, sweat, tears, and saliva also play a crucial role. Mucus traps microorganisms in the respiratory and digestive tracts, which are then destroyed by
Read MoreLysosomes: Cell Digestion and Recycling Centers
Lysosomes: Cell Digestion and Recycling
Lysosomes are a set of structures whose function is to digest and lyse materials captured by the cell, including waste substances. These structures could be considered the digestive system of the cell. They are cytoplasmic vesicles, offering great polymorphism, surrounded by a unit membrane and a granular matrix that is dense and heterogeneous. Lysosomes act as digestive vacuoles and are present in all eukaryotic cells. The contents of the lysosome have an
Read MorePlant and Animal Hormones: Functions and Mechanisms
Hormones: Functions and Regulation
Hormones are substances that regulate chemical reactions. Hormones are produced in small quantities, synthesized where they are to act, and transported through the blood, saline, or air.
Phytohormones: Plant Growth Regulators
Phytohormones are organic compounds responsible for plant growth and development. They are synthesized in one part of the plant and typically act elsewhere, producing a physiological response at very low concentrations. Major stimuli affecting
Read MoreCirculatory and Lymphatic Systems: Functions & Components
The International Environment and the Circulatory System
The internal human environment consists of:
- International fluid (plasma): It surrounds and bathes the cells.
- Blood and lymph: They collect and distribute substances the cells need and eliminate waste from the cells through the circulatory system.
The circulatory system consists of two systems:
- The Blood Circulatory System: It carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body and collects metabolic waste for elimination. The circulatory fluid is