Vineyard and Winemaking Terms: A Concise Lexicon
Vineyard and Winemaking Terms
The Root System: The root system is the part of the vine that is underground. Its primary functions are: absorb water and mineral nutrients, anchorage, and storage of reserve substances.
The Shoot System: The shoot system is the part of the vine above ground. It is formed by the trunk, the stems, the arms, rods, shoots, and tendrils. Later the shoots will give rise to the buds. The main functions of the shoot system are: the conduction of sap, the support, and storage
Read MoreFatty Acids, Fermentation, Cell Cycle, and Genetics
September 3rd Notes: Biochemistry Topics
B1OA: Fatty Acids
- Fatty acids are monoenoic organic acids that are present in fats. They are rarely found free and are usually esterified to glycerol and, occasionally, other alcohols. They typically have straight chains with an even number of carbon atoms. Fatty acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated.
- Functions of Fatty Acids:
- Energy Reserve: They are an important energy source for biological use.
- Structural Function: The bipolar nature of some
Understanding Infectious, Autoimmune, Neoplastic, and Mental Illnesses
Infectious and Immune System Illnesses
- Infectious Illnesses: Caused by microorganisms, which are organisms observable only with a microscope.
- Pathogenic Microorganisms: Can be prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (fungi, protists, helminths’ larvae phase) and viruses.
- Infectious illnesses are transmitted by contact and spread through:
- Direct Contact: With infected persons or objects, water, or saliva inhalation, infected food, insects, or vectors.
- Indirect Contact: Examples include AIDS and hepatitis.
Medical Terminology: Definitions and Key Concepts
Stroke: A stroke occurs when the brain suddenly loses blood supply, often due to a clot blocking an artery or a ruptured cerebral blood vessel. This can cause injury or even death.
Allele: One of the possible forms of a gene.
Allogeneic: Refers to a tissue or organ transplanted from a person of the same species.
Anatomy Pathogenesis: The science that deals with the effects of disorders and injuries.
Sign: Objective data obtained from a patient examination, such as pulse, blood pressure, and body temperature.
Read MoreUrinary Tract: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases
Urinary Tract Features
The urinary tract performs the following functions:
- Eliminates waste substances from cellular metabolism.
- Regulates body fluid composition.
- Serves as an endocrine gland.
Anatomy
Kidneys
Located on both sides of the spine (dorsolumbar area). They are surrounded by fat, which protects them from shock and keeps them in place. Kidneys filter blood and retain substances for reuse.
Parts:
- Cortex: The outer part where the nephrons are found. The nephron is in charge of filtering the blood.
Understanding Carbohydrates: Types, Functions, and Importance
Carbohydrates: An Introduction
Carbohydrates: These biomolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). They always contain a carbonyl group (a group attached to an oxygen atom by a double bond), which can be either an aldehyde group (-CHO) or a keto group (-CO-). They are defined as polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones.
Classification of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are classified into three main categories:
- Monosaccharides: These are single-unit carbohydrates, consisting of a single