Plaque Control: A Comprehensive Guide to Oral Hygiene
Plaque: An entity formed by the colonization and growth of microorganisms of varying strains and species that accumulates on the surface of teeth, gingiva, and other restorations.
Plaque Control: Plaque control is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival surfaces.
Disclosing Agents: 1. Plak-lite mirror fluorescing solution
Plaque Control: . Mechanical plaque control – Tooth brushing – Interdental aids – Oral physiotherapy –
Read MoreCellular Respiration, Protein Synthesis, and DNA Replication: A Comprehensive Guide
Aerobic respiration: goes through the entire cellular respiration process and dumps its electrons to an oxygen molecule that accepts them. Anaerobic respiration: Also goes through the entire cellular respiration process and has all its bonds broken down, however, its final electron acceptor is not oxygen; it’s something else like sulfur or nitrogen. The difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration is solely based on its final electron acceptor. Fermentation: Is a partial breakdown
Read MorePeriodontitis Treatment: Antibiotics, Local Drug Delivery, and Prognosis
- Chemotherapeutic agent: a general term for a chemical substance that provides a clinical therapeutic benefit.
- Antiinfective agent: a chemotherapeutic agent that works by reducing the number of bacteria present.
- Antibiotic: a naturally occurring, semisynthetic, or synthetic type of antiinfective agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of selective microorganisms, generally at a low concentration.
- Guidelines for use of Antibiotics in Periodontal Therapy:
- Clinical diagnosis and situation will determine
Understanding Cell Division: From Binary Fission to Mitosis
Binary Fission in Prokaryotes
Binary fission is the process used by most prokaryotes for asexual reproduction. Here are the major phases:
- DNA Replication: The circular DNA molecule replicates, starting at the origin of replication and proceeding in both directions.
- Chromosome Attachment: The two resulting chromosomes attach to the cell membrane.
- Cell Elongation: The cell grows and elongates, pushing the chromosomes apart.
- Cytokinesis: The cell membrane pinches inward, and a new cell wall forms, dividing
Kidney Function, Osmoregulation, and Adaptations for Water Conservation
Kidney Function and Osmoregulation
Ultrafiltration
The Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are located in the cortex of the kidney. The loop of Henle and collecting duct are located in the medulla. Kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity and receive oxygenated blood from the renal artery. Amino acids can’t be stored in the body and must be deaminated in the liver to urea via the ornithine cycle. Urea then diffuses into the blood and
Read MoreTransition from Fetal to Neonatal Circulation: Understanding the Changes at Birth
Chapter 1: Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life – Placental Circulation
Placental Circulation
Survival of the fetus requires a circulatory link between the mother and the embryo. Chronic Villi: are finger-like projections that arise from the embryo’s aorta within a week of uterine implantation and invade the uterine endometrium. These projections are filled by maternal blood bathing the fetal capillaries in an oxygen and nutrient-rich environment. The maternal uterine tissues and blood vessels
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