Respiratory Care of Infants and Children: A Comprehensive Guide
Cold Stress
Cold stress (body temperature <36°C or hypothermia) increases O2 consumption and can cause hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, apnea, pulmonary vascular hypertension, and increase right to left shunt. The smaller the infant, the higher the temperature needed to maintain the neutral thermal environment (NTE). The renal system is immature, which makes it difficult to compensate for ventilatory acid-base imbalance. Due to the immaturity of the renal system, the acid-base balance status
Read MoreIntroduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Body
Difference Between Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy is the study of the body’s structures.
Physiology is the study of how those structures work (their function).
Levels of Organization of the Body
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ Systems
- Organismal
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment within normal limits. It’s a state of dynamic equilibrium.
How is Homeostasis Maintained?
- Homeostatic control mechanisms
- Mostly negative
Understanding Vegetarian Diets: Benefits, Risks, and Nutritional Considerations
Vegetarian Diet
Classification of Vegetarian Diets, Risks for Infants and Children
Definition
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat, including red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal.
Motivations for Choosing a Vegetarian Diet
- Abstention from by-products of animal slaughter
- Respect for life
- Other: health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, or economic
Classification
- Ovo-vegetarian: Includes eggs but not dairy products.
- Lacto-vegetarian:
Micronutrient Deficiencies: Iodine, Iron, Vitamin A & Folate
Micronutrient Deficiencies
Iodine Deficiency
Iodine is an essential trace element.
Requirements:
- 110-130 μg for infants up to 12 months
- 90 μg for children up to 8 years
- 130 μg for children up to 13 years
- 150 μg for adults
- 220 μg for pregnant women
- 290 μg for lactating mothers
Main Role:
Constituent of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
The thyroid gland needs no more than 70 μg/day to synthesize the requisite daily amounts of T4 and T3.
Sources:
- Seafood (fish, kelp, shellfish)
- Dairy
Understanding Infection, Immunity, and Hypersensitivity: A Comprehensive Overview
a) Define the following terms: 1) Infection. 2) Virulence. 3) Toxin.
b) Name three examples of pathogens, indicating in each case: 1) the type of organism, 2) the disease it causes, 3) the route of infection.
c) Explain the significance of the allergic reaction and autoimmunity. Cite any situation in which these processes occur.
a)
- Infection involves the competitive interaction between two organisms: a host and a parasite. If the parasite succeeds in establishing itself, it leads to disease.
EMT Exam #2 Review: Chapters 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 & 11
EMT EXAM #2
Chapters 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11
1. What is considered objective information?
Objective information is measurable or verifiable. An example might be the patient’s pulse rate. A sign is objective information.
2. What is a pertinent negative?
Pertinent negatives are signs or symptoms that might be expected, based on the chief complaint, but that the patient denies having.
3. How do you document a patient’s chief complaint?
The chief complaint should be documented in the patient’s own words or, if
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