Primate Classification and Characteristics
Classification of Primates
Primates belong to the class of mammals and are divided into:
Prosimians
Retain some characteristics of insectivorous mammals. These include the lemurs of Madagascar, lorises, and tarsiers.
Apes
Characterized by exploratory activity and liveliness. They have a complex social life based on sharp colors on the head, buttocks, and fur. Well-developed facial muscles allow them to express their emotions. Their vocal communication includes signs. Examples include New World monkeys
Read MoreThe Musculoskeletal System: Bones, Muscles, and Joints
The Musculoskeletal System
Bones
Bones are the main components of the skeleton. They are strong, hard, and tough organs composed of bone tissue, a specialized connective tissue with calcified extracellular components.
Chemical Composition:
- 25% H2O
- 45% mineral
- 30% organic matter
Functions of Bone:
The musculoskeletal system causes the skeleton to serve as the structural framework of the body. It protects vital organs, allows movement, and is a deposit of hematopoietic organs. Bone marrow houses and forms
Read MoreIntroduction to Cell Biology and Genetics
Cell Theory
The cell is the smallest form of life and the basic unit of all living organisms. Every cell in a living being originates from another existing cell. Information necessary for the life of cells is passed from one generation to the next.
Chromosome Theory of Heredity
A gene, located on a DNA fragment, carries the information for a particular character. Genes are aligned one after another on chromosomes. Each gene occupies a specific location (loci) on a chromosome. Each character is located
Read MoreNeck Muscles and Anatomy: A Comprehensive Guide
Neck Muscles
Lateral Neck
Platysma
Source: Wide, thin muscle situated on the side of the neck, below the superficial fascia.
Insertion: Below the subcutaneous tissue of the subclavicular region, up to the bottom edge of the maxilla. Intersects at the midline, and muscle fibers blend into the facial skin.
Action: Draws down the skin of the chin and lower lip (sad expression).
Sternocleidomastoid
Source: Thick muscle extending obliquely from the upper chest to the mastoid process.
Insertion: Formed by two
Read MorePlant Biology & Environmental Science Study Guide
Pre First Certificate: Water Loss, Transport, and Controlled Growth
Key Questions
- What are stomata and guard cells?
- How can we measure water loss in a plant?
- Describe the main principles of Osmosis, Diffusion, and Active Transport.
- How can the growth and shape of plants be affected?
- What is tropism?
- Why are stems ‘positively phototropic’? What does ‘negatively phototropic’ mean? What is auxin?
- What is the difference between hydrotropism and geotropism?
- How can artificial chemicals be used? Why are
Cellular Metabolism: Ingestion, Digestion, Egestion, and Energy Production
Ingestion, digestion and egestion cell
Many nutrients enter cells in its interior, reducing (if applicable) monomers and, sometimes, eliminate waste. By analogy with the digestive processes of an organism, one can speak of ingestion, digestion and egestion phones.
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Ingestion
Ions and small molecules can cross the cell membrane by diffusion or active transport, but the high molecular mass particles must penetrate within the cell by endocytosis.
Some protozoa ingest large objects, such as bacteria,