Plant Nutrition: Process, Phases, and Photosynthesis
Plant Nutrition
Nutrition is the process that plants use to manufacture their own organic matter and perform other vital functions. To carry out this process, they need solar energy and other essential elements; 15 are from the land and 1 from the atmosphere.
Phase 1: Absorption
The first phase of nutrition is the absorption of water and mineral salts into the xylem vessels. The water and dissolved minerals are absorbed by the root hairs, across the different tissues, down to the wood vessels. This
Read MoreSynthetic Theory of Evolution
1. What is a Species?
A group of living things that share an evolutionary history, have common anatomical and physiological characteristics, and can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
2. Main Proponents of Evolutionary Theories
Fijistas Theories
Species are products of a creator and are therefore fixed and immutable; they do not evolve.
Major Proponents:
- Plato and Aristotle: Although disagreeing on certain aspects of the natural world, they agreed that species were created and fixed.
- Carl Von Linné:
Food Microbiology: Preservation, Safety, and Industrial Applications
Preserved foods, often produced from aerobic fermentation using Aspergillus genus fungi, include supplements and food additives. Highlights include vitamins such as B12 and the amino acid ASPAT, as well as glutamine, phenylalanine, etc. 2.1.2. Preservation of Food Against Microorganisms: Food can be broken down and altered by microorganisms. Several preservation methods exist, including: A) Regulation of Humidity: Controlling water content prevents microorganism proliferation. Methods include:
Proteins: Structure, Function, and Classification
Proteins
Proteins are organic biomolecules formed by carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, and to a lesser extent, sulfur and phosphorus. Sometimes other elements such as iron and copper are also present. These complex macromolecules have high molecular weights and are formed by the union of simpler molecules called amino acids. In other words, proteins are polymers whose monomers are amino acids.
Amino Acids
Structure
Amino acids are the structural units of proteins. While about 200 different amino
Read MoreCellular Components and Biological Organization
Cellular Components
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are polymorphic organelles, varying from spherical to elongated forms. They are abundant in eukaryotic cells, especially those with high biochemical energy demands. Mitochondria have an outer membrane with protein channels, an intermembrane space, and a folded inner membrane. The inner matrix contains enzymes and mitochondrial ribosomes. Their main activity is to oxidize organic matter, storing energy in ATP molecules.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are typical
Read MoreHuman Anatomy: Bones, Muscles, and Nervous System
Human Body Planes
Midsagittal Plane
Cuts the human figure in the anatomical position from top to bottom and front to back through the midline of the body, dividing it into two equal and symmetrical halves.
Medio-frontal Plane
Cuts the human figure from top to bottom and side to side, separating it into two parts: anterior (front) and posterior (back).
Mid-horizontal Plane
Cuts the human figure at waist/navel height, running from front to back. The upper part is called superior and the lower part is called
Read More