Essential Nutrients and Human Digestive, Respiratory Systems
Essential Nutrients and Human Body Function
Food products are natural or processed substances that provide what our cells need to live.
Inorganic Substances
- Water: It is the most abundant compound in living organisms and the environment in which life develops from cells.
- Mineral salts: These are found in bones and teeth. They are also all salts dissolved in body fluids.
Organic Substances
- Carbohydrates: The simplest, such as glucose and maltose, can taste sweet and are known as sugars. Glucose is a sugar
Cell Biology: Structure, Function, and Metabolism
The Cell: Structural and Functional Unit of Life
The cell is the structural and functional unit of living things because all living beings are formed by one or more cells and because it is the smallest unit of matter that can carry out the basic functions of living things. Each cell is derived from another existing cell.
The Cell from a Structural Viewpoint
Cells can be grouped into:
- Eukaryotes: Have DNA in a nucleus separated from the rest of the cytoplasm by a double membrane. Animal and plant cells
Understanding Human Health: Diseases, Immunity, and Healthy Lifestyles
Occasionally, our body is altered, or we experience an illness.
Health
A person is healthy when all organs are fully functional and they feel good physically, mentally, and socially. Health is a quality where the body and all its systems perform their duties properly.
Disease
At times, the activity of the body or any of its organs is altered, leading to malfunctions. This is what we know as disease. A disease is a continuing alteration in the functioning of the body.
1.1 Types of Diseases
Infectious diseases
Read MoreHuman Body Systems: Functions and Interactions
The Senses
Vision
From the optical point of view, the focus point (where the image is formed) is beyond the eye, rather than on the retina.
- Astigmatism: A condition that causes the formation of blurred images due to irregularities in the curvature of the cornea.
All these problems can also be found in any device with artificial lenses. For example, a telescope can have astigmatism.
Hearing
The ear consists of three regions:
- Outer ear: The visible part, formed by the outer ear and the ear canal.
- Middle ear:
Human Body Systems and Functions: A Detailed Look
Circulatory System
The circulatory system is a set of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
Locomotor System
The locomotor system is a group of the skeletal system, joints, and muscles. These systems, coordinated by the nervous system, allow locomotion.
Reproductive System
The reproductive system consists of the sex organs (male and female).
Respiratory System
The respiratory system includes the organs used for respiration, primarily the lungs, within which we can find the bronchioles and cilia.
Urinary
Read MoreHuman Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology
Nervous System
BIOL 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Michael Powers, PhD, ATC, CSCS, EMT
Nervous System Function
- Receive sensory information (sensory input)
- Integrate & process information
- Produce an action or response (motor output)
Nervous System Organization
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Components
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Functions
- Command center (the boss) – integrates sensory input & directs motor output
- Higher order functions
- Learning, memory, decisions, emotions, sleep, etc.
- Components
- Peripheral Nervous System