Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: A Comparison
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (EC / PC)
Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells exhibits significant similarities in both basic function and structure. It acts as a permeability barrier, separating the cell’s interior from its external environment. This layer is composed of phospholipids and proteins, which can be organized in various ways.
Ribosomes
In prokaryotes, ribosomes are small structures composed of protein and RNA, serving as the site of protein synthesis. In eukaryotes,
Read MoreUnderstanding Clinical Lab Tests: CBC and Blood Cell Analysis
Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests
Common blood tests are performed to identify the general health status of a patient and to determine the positive or negative effects of therapy. These tests are important for respiratory therapists because they may influence and reflect the patient’s lung functions.
CBC: Complete Blood Count
Venous blood sample. Examines the formed elements in the blood:
- White Blood Cells (WBCs/Leukocytes) – Segmented neutrophils, Bands, Eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.
Blood and Circulation: Diseases and Components
Anemia
The main symptoms accompanying anemia are fatigue and loss of vitality. These symptoms are a direct consequence of a deficient supply of oxygen to the blood cells. Anemia is characterized by a low amount of hemoglobin, either because the red blood cell concentration is low, or because the amount of hemoglobin they contain is below what is usually considered sufficient. A balanced diet is crucial for preventing and managing anemia.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a form of cancer that affects cells in the
Read MoreOrigins of Life: Theories of Creation and Evolution
Theories on the Origins of Life
The concept of creation is fundamental to religions across history and cultures. Understanding how life originated on Earth has been a central question in spirituality and philosophy.
Spontaneous Generation
In ancient Greece, the belief that life could arise spontaneously under the right conditions was prevalent. Aristotle synthesized ideas about spontaneous generation, suggesting that certain beings could even be generated from plants. This theory persisted for over
Read MoreViruses and Plasmids: Structure, Function, and Impact
Plasmids
Plasmids are extrachromosomal, double-stranded circular DNA molecules capable of transferring between cells. They lack a protein envelope, exhibit no extracellular phase, and can acquire new genes. Plasmids are found in varying numbers in all bacterial species and some eukaryotes. While not essential for cell survival, they can induce mutations and facilitate bacterial conjugation. Plasmids can confer antibiotic resistance, provide access to new nutrient sources, and transform pathogenic
Read MoreAdvanced Materials: Properties, Types, and Applications
Advanced Materials
Advanced materials are materials with mechanical and physical properties that are superior to those of commonly used materials like steel, aluminum, and magnesium. They have many applications, including in aerospace, automobiles, trains, oil and gas exploration, and medical devices.
Properties of Advanced Materials
Here are some key properties of advanced materials:
- Strength and ductility: Advanced materials can absorb and redistribute high stress concentrations without failing suddenly.