Dental Implants: Fit, Maintenance, and Placement
Fit of the Implant and the Frame
Pathogenic forces can act on the implant when the frame does not fit passively. In the case of a hybrid prosthesis, adjusting all retaining screws to close the gaps between the pillars and the teeth—giving the appearance of a proper fit—applies forces that can derail the implant. This setting can be assessed when only one screw is placed. If manufacturing has been carried out with CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing), the fit is better
Kingdoms, Biodiversity, and Plant Reproduction
Kingdoms
Organisms are classified into kingdoms, which are subdivided into smaller and smaller groups. The last two groups are genus and species. These words give each species its scientific name.
Plants have green leaves, have cell walls made of cellulose, and can photosynthesize. This kingdom has four main groups:
- Flowering plants (reproduce using flowers)
- Conifers (reproduce using cones)
- Ferns (reproduce without flowers or cones)
- Mosses (no roots)
Main Groups in the Animal Kingdom
Some main groups in
Read MoreHuman Respiratory System: Function and Structure
The Respiratory System
For our cells to get energy from nutrients, they need to undergo a series of oxidation reactions that require oxygen (O2). As a result of these reactions, carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced. CO2 is a toxic gas that enters the blood and must be eliminated.
The respiratory system is responsible for taking oxygen from the outside air, transporting it to the blood, and removing carbon dioxide.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs and airways. The airways are pipes and chambers
Read MoreMendelian Genetics: Principles of Heredity
Throughout history, investigators have sought to understand the inheritance of hereditary characteristics. This understanding began with the work of Gregor Mendel.
Life of Mendel
Gregor Mendel was born on July 20, 1822, in the Czech Republic. His father was a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, and his mother was the daughter of a gardener. After a childhood marked by poverty, he entered the monastery in 1843, where he took the name Gregor and was ordained a priest in 1847. He lived in the Abbey of St.
Read MoreUnderstanding Sensation, Perception, and Sensory Processes
Sensation: The process by which sensory receptors capture, transduce, and transmit information to the brain.
Attention: The process by which individuals select certain stimuli.
Perception: The cognitive process by which individuals shape sensitive information into meaningful objects.
The Basic Processes:
- Receptor Cells: Specialized cells that respond to a particular type of energy (e.g., auditory, touch, smell, taste).
- Doctrines of Specific Nerve Energies: A one-to-one relationship between the stimulation
Interleukins: Functions and Types
- IL-1: Produced by macrophages and epithelial cells, it induces an acute phase response and activation and recognition by T cells and macrophages where the immune response develops. It works with TNF in innate immunity and inflammation.
- IL-2: Produced by Th1 cells, it stimulates the growth and differentiation of the T-lymphocyte response.
- IL-3: Produced by Th2 lymphocytes, it stimulates stem cells from bone marrow.
- IL-4: Related to the proliferation of B cells, mast cells, and T lymphocytes. It has