Cellular Physiology: Transport, Respiration, and Division
Cellular Physiology
It deals with the study of each and every one of the functions performed by the cells. The most important focuses on the movement of substances across their membranes, which form the barrier between the intracellular and extracellular fluid.
Passive Transport
Passive transport involves the movement of substances in different media concentration with no need to expend energy.
- Simple diffusion: Moving from a place of higher to lower concentration.
- Facilitated diffusion: Large molecules
Relationship, Coordination, and Reproduction in Organisms
The role of relationship allows living things to capture changes (stimuli) and produce a response. Elements of the relationship:
- Incentives: These are variations in the environment, which may be internal or external, physical, chemical, and biotic.
- Receivers: These are structures that capture the stimuli (in animals, these are the sense organs).
- Coordinators: These organs receive information from receptors and send it to the effectors (nervous system and endocrine system).
- Effectors: These are the structures
Sensory Organs and the Human Nervous System
Sensory Organs
Taste
Taste buds are located in the tongue papillae, and also on the palate, pharynx, and larynx. Gustatory sensory cells are sensitive to substances dissolved in saliva.
Ears: Hearing and Balance
The ears are the sensory organs of hearing and balance. Through them, we perceive sounds, and they report on the position of the head to maintain balance.
Structure:
- External ear: Formed by the pinna (the visible part of the ear), which is a skin fold supported by cartilage, and the ear canal,
Key Concepts in Biology, Genetics, and Health
A patent is a set of exclusive rights guaranteed by a government or authority to the inventor of a new product to prevent its manufacture, sale, or use without the consent of the owner.
A generic drug is a drug whose patent has expired, so it is no longer called by its brand name but by its active ingredient.
Types of Transplants:
- Autotransplantation: donor and recipient are the same person
- Isotransplantation: donor and recipient are genetically identical
- Allotransplantation: donor and recipient are
Understanding Fabrics and Connective Tissue Types
Understanding Fabrics and Connective Tissue
Fabrics: (cellular level) Cells differ in size, but mainly in function.
Epithelial Tissue: Characterized by cells arranged in a layer, either simple or stratified. Its free or apical side faces a body surface.
Simple Squamous Epithelium: Lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, and is known as endothelium.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Covers the surface of the ovary, the front of the lens, kidney tubules, the thyroid gland, and small ducts.
Simple
Read MoreHealth and Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis
Health and Disease
Physical Health
Physical health: the general condition of the body. Good physical health means the body systems are working properly. Many factors, such as biology or genetics, affect an individual’s physical health.
Mental Health
Mental health: the way a person feels, thinks, and deals with daily life. People with good mental health maintain an emotional and psychological balance in their lives.
Social Well-being
Social well-being: a state in which basic human needs are met. It involves
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