Human Homeostasis: Regulating Blood Glucose and Body Temperature
Blood Glucose Regulation and Homeostasis
At 6:30 am, Alyssa’s blood glucose levels increased, likely because she ate breakfast, causing glucose from digested carbohydrates to enter her bloodstream. This rise in blood glucose is detected by the pancreas, which helps maintain stable internal conditions, a state known as homeostasis.
In response, the pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. Insulin allows body cells to absorb glucose for energy and signals the liver to
Read MoreFundamental Structures and Functions of the Human Body
Joints and Articulations
A joint, also known as an articulation, is the point where two or more bones meet. Joints allow for movement, flexibility, and support within the skeletal system.
Classification of Joints
Joints are classified into three main types based on their structure and function:
- Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses): Immovable or slightly movable joints connected by fibrous tissue. Examples include sutures in the skull.
- Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses): Slightly movable joints connected
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems, Tissues & Cells
Major Body Systems
Cardiovascular System
Heart: Pumps blood. Arteries/Veins: Transport blood. Blood: Carries oxygen, CO₂, nutrients, waste, and immune components.
Respiratory System
Nasal cavity: Filters air. Larynx: Produces voice and protects the airway. Lungs: Gas exchange (O₂, CO₂).
Digestive System
Mouth: Begins breakdown of food. Stomach: Acid and enzymes. Small intestine: Absorbs nutrients. Large intestine: Removes water and stores waste.
Urinary System
Kidneys: Form urine, maintain pH balance,
Read MoreHuman Digestive System: Processes, Organs, and Functions
The Human Digestive System and Nutrition
The digestive system is fundamentally responsible for nutrition. Its primary functions are threefold: to obtain essential nutrients from food, to facilitate their distribution throughout the body, and to eliminate waste products.
Nutrition and Interacting Systems
Effective nutrition requires the coordinated effort of several biological systems:
- Digestive System: Obtains and processes nutrients.
- Respiratory System: Obtains necessary oxygen.
- Circulatory System: Transports
Cellular Energy and Division: Key Biological Processes
Cellular Energy and Division Concepts
I. Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis and Respiration
Plant Mass Origin
- Explain where plants get their mass: Air / carbon dioxide.
Complementary Pathways
- Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary pathways: The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration, and the products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. This forms a cycle.
Energy Carriers
- List the energy carriers created and used in
Mammalian Reproduction, Sensory Systems and Conservation Terms
Mammalian Reproduction, Sensory Systems & Conservation
Lecture 16 — Reproduction II
- Immunorejection – Maternal immune system attacking the embryo because it is genetically half paternal.
- Choriovitelline placenta – Marsupial yolk-sac placenta with weak attachment and low efficiency.
- Embryonic diapause – Temporary pause in embryonic development before implantation.
- Zona pellucida – Glycoprotein coat around an oocyte or blastocyst that prevents polyspermy and offers protection.
- Delayed fertilization