Essential Medical Terminology for Cardiac and Respiratory Care
Medical Terminology Reference
Cardiovascular System Terms
- ADLs: Activities of Daily Living; such as feeding, dressing, bathing, and toileting.
- Aorta: The main artery that carries blood away from the heart.
- Atria (singular: atrium): The two smaller hollow cavities of the heart which receive blood into the heart.
- Blood Pressure: The pressure of blood in the arteries.
- Blood Vessel: A tubular channel that carries blood (e.g., artery).
- Cardiac Cycle: Any of the events relating to the blood flow that occur from
Biology and Psychology Essential Study Reference
Biology and Psychology Cheat Sheet
—–A4 Double-Sided Cheat Sheet Layout—–
Side 1: Biology
Features of Living Things
- Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition (MRSGREN)
Hierarchy of Classification
- Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
- Binomial Nomenclature: Genus (capitalized) + species (lowercase), italicized, e.g., Homo sapiens
Cells
- Prokaryotic: No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic: Nucleus,
Biological Foundations: From Bioelements to Biodiversity
Essential Bioelements and Biomolecules
Primary Bioelements: Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S). These are highly abundant, making up 98% of living matter. Carbon is the most characteristic, as it forms the long chains that serve as the basic structure of living things.
Secondary Bioelements: Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Chlorine (Cl).
Trace Elements: Also known as vestigial elements, these make up less than 0.1% of the
Read MoreWheat Stem Borer and Red Pumpkin Beetle Pest Management
Wheat Stem Borer (S. inferens)
Systematic Position
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Family: Noctuidae
Habits
The wheat stem borer is a nocturnal insect, living for 10–15 days. Eggs are laid on the inner surface of the host plant’s leaf sheath. Caterpillars bore into the stems of the wheat plant to feed. The caterpillar prefers moist weather to infest new shoots.
Damage
The caterpillars attack and destroy young shoots of the wheat crop, causing uneven growth. The central shoot is damaged completely, resulting
Read MoreCell Biology Fundamentals: Cycle, Control, and Structure
Cell Cycle: Growth, Replication, and Division
The cell cycle is an ordered sequence of events enabling a cell to grow, replicate its DNA, and divide into two genetically identical daughter cells, ensuring accurate genetic transmission. It comprises interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).
- G1 Phase: The cell grows metabolically, synthesizing proteins and organelles while assessing environmental conditions at the restriction point before committing to division.
Mechanisms of Biological Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange Fundamentals
Gas exchange is the process where an organism takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. Oxygen is essential for respiration and must reach every cell. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration that must be removed from the body. Gas exchange occurs via diffusion across a gas exchange surface. Oxygen diffuses from air or water, either into the blood for transport to the cells or directly into the cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells or the blood back
Read More