Trajan’s Column: History and Significance
Trajan’s Column
General Documentation
- Author: Apollodorus of Damascus
- Chronology: 2nd Century AD
- Location: Forum of Trajan (Rome)
- Size: 40m in height
- Material: Marble
- Style: Imperial Roman
- Type: Relief
- Theme: Memorial
Formal Analysis
Technique and Material:
This work is a marble carving on a shaft, and a subtractive technique was used with abrasives. The shaft is smooth in certain areas. It is a relief sculpture that appears sunken and in half-relief: low relief incisions are representing buildings thoroughly;
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Social and Cultural Changes in the 19th Century
The triumph of the bourgeoisie and increased mechanization led to the abandonment of liberal ideas. The capitalist system was born, in which industrial production affected economic, political, and social spheres. The Industrial Revolution and capitalism transformed Western society: the inherited nobility lost importance, the aristocracy of money rose, and the industrial proletariat emerged, subject to production needs, unprotected in the power of the
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Romanticism (France and England)
- France:
- Théodore Géricault: The Raft of the Medusa
- Eugène Delacroix: The Barque of Dante, The Massacre at Chios, The Death of Sardanapalus, Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, Liberty Leading the People
- England:
- John Constable: The Hay Wain, Salisbury Cathedral
- J.M.W. Turner: Snow Storm at Sea, Rain, Steam and Speed
- Germany:
- Caspar David Friedrich: Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, The Sea of Ice
Romantic Sculpture
- François Rude: The March of the Volunteers (also known
Understanding Language: Definition, Communication, and Semiotics
Language Definition
Language is a system of rules and signs used to express meanings. Moreover, language is unique to human thought. A sign is something that represents something else, standing in its place. We can identify three types of signs, all of which have in common that they represent something else:
- Icon: This sign has a visual relationship with what it represents, such as a traffic signal.
- Indication: Between the sign and what it stands for, there is a causal link, such as seeing smoke on
Understanding Salvation Through Love in Unamuno’s Novel
Salvation Through Love in Unamuno’s Novel
In the third part, leading up to Don Manuel’s death, both characters coexist. The fourth part, a postscript after Don Manuel’s death, uses the character of Lazarus to declare the novel’s central idea: salvation through love.
The Central Theme
Two books by Unamuno are essential for understanding his philosophical thought: The Tragic Sense of Life and The Agony of Christianity. These works outline his ideas on existential and religious themes. Unamuno defines
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Annibale Carracci: Color, Anatomy, and Michelangelo’s Influence
Introducing color, but color that is flat and dry, which derives from Raphael and is very fresh. Red and blue are still actors, very well balanced. We have a very cold blue Ariadne and Bacchus in red beside her, putting the note of quality. Balanced tone. The Bacchante in the last shot is one of the most dynamic figures of the composition, not just by the movement of the body, but also the subtle, soft fabrics clinging to the body, allowing
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