Essential Concepts and Techniques in Photography

Fundamentals of Photographic Composition

Rules of Composition

Composition is the arrangement of visual elements in a photograph. Techniques such as the rule of thirds, leading lines, framing, balance, and symmetry help create visually effective images.

Specialized Composition Techniques

Portrait Composition

Portrait photography focuses on expressions and personality. Important elements include lighting, background, eye placement, and framing.

Landscape Composition

Landscape photography emphasizes depth,

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Understanding Historical Disciplines and Causality

Historical Concepts and Disciplines

History Defined

History relates to past events, as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events. The term includes cosmic, geologic, and organic history, but it often generically implies human history. History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyze a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them.

Historiography

Historiography

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Acting Techniques: Improvisation and Character Building

Unit II – Acting and Improvisation (12 Hours)

1. Introduction to Acting

  • Acting is the art of representing a character on stage or screen through speech, movement, and emotion.

  • It requires understanding human behavior and expressing it truthfully in imaginary situations.

  • The goal of acting is to make the audience believe in the character and situation.


2. Improvisation in Acting

  • Improvisation means performing without a written script, relying on creativity and spontaneity.

  • It helps actors explore emotions,

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Cinematic Contrast: Loneliness and the Male Gaze in Her and Lambs

Representing Isolation: Her vs. The Silence of the Lambs

Spike Jonze’s Her (2013) and Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs (1991) both examine characters who experience deep loneliness, but they show this isolation using very different visual strategies. Her uses warm colors, soft lighting, and close-up shots to reveal Theodore’s emotional isolation and his sometimes idealized or unrealistic view of the women around him. In contrast, The Silence of the Lambs relies on point-of-view shots,

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Core Characteristics of Indian Art and Cultural Heritage

Salient Features of Indian Arts

The salient features of Indian Arts—encompassing sculpture, architecture, painting, music, and dance—are rooted in spiritual depth, pervasive symbolism, continuity of tradition, and remarkable diversity. These features reflect a worldview where the sacred and the secular are often intertwined.

1. Deep Spiritual and Religious Roots

The most defining feature of Indian art is its direct link to religious and spiritual philosophy.

  • Vehicle for *Dharma*: Art forms were
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Key 20th-Century Avant-Garde Art Movements

Futurism

Futurism was founded by the Italian Marinetti, who published his first manifesto in Paris in 1909. It expressed a total rupture with the past, showing admiration for mechanical civilization and technical progress: machines, speed, and great inventions like the train and the airplane. A consequence of this was the disregard for human subjects and fundamentals. To achieve the ideal of “free words,” the text does not use punctuation, and adjectives are deleted.

Cubism

Cubism: was created

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